1961—2020年乌鲁木齐市气候舒适度变化

Climate Comfort Change in Urumqi during 1961-2020

基于综合气候舒适度指数模型以及乌鲁木齐市及其周边9个气象站1961—2020年气候资料,采用统计学方法和ArcGIS的空间插值技术对近60年乌鲁木齐市气候舒适度时空变化进行分析。结果表明:(1)气候舒适度指数的年内变化,平原地带呈双峰双谷的“M”型,山区为单峰单谷的“∩”型。(2)受气温、相对湿度升高,风速、日照时数下降的共同影响,近60年平原地带春、秋、冬季气候舒适度指数显著(P=0.05)增大,夏季显著减小;山区夏、秋季气候舒适度指数显著增大,冬、春季变化不明显。(3)1991—2020年较前30 a(1961—1990年),春季和秋季气候较舒适区海拔上限升高了100~150 m,面积扩大950 km^(2),较不舒适区和不舒适区向高海拔抬升了50~100 m,面积分别减小694~828 km^(2)和131~236 km^(2);夏季气候舒适区向高海拔抬升了约100 m,面积减小514 km^(2),较舒适区海拔上限升高了100~150 m,面积扩大约718 km^(2),较不舒适区和不舒适区向高海拔抬升了50~100 m,面积略有减小;冬季全市属于气候不舒适区的状况未发生改变。

Based on the climate comfort index model and the climate data of 9 meteorological stations in Urumqi and its surrounding areas from 1961 to 2020,the spatial and temporal change of climate comfort in the past 60 years were analyzed by using statistical methods and ArcGIS.The results show that:(1)The climate comfort index changes within a year showed“M”type with double peaks and double valleys in the plain area and“∩”type with single peak and single valley in the mountainous area.(2)Due to the combined effects of increased temperature and relative humidity,as well as reduced wind speed and sunshine hours,the climate comfort index in spring,autumn,and winter in the plain area was significantly increased(P=0.05)in recent 60 years,while it was significantly decreased in summer.The climate comfort index in mountain areas was significantly increased in summer and autumn,while the changes in winter and spring were not significant.(3)In the past 30 years(1991-2020),compared with the previous 30 years(1961-1990),the upper elevation limit of the more comfort climate zone in spring and autumn had increased by 100-150 m,and the area had increased by 950 km^(2),the less comfort climate zone and uncomfortable climate zone had increased by 50-100 m towards higher altitude,their areas had decreased by 694-828 km^(2) and 131-236 km^(2),respectively.In summer,the climate comfort zone had increased by 100 m towards high altitude,and its area reduced by 514 km^(2),the upper limit of altitude of the more comfort climate zone increased by 100-150 m,and increased its area by about 718 km^(2),the less comfortable climate and uncomfortable climate zone had also increased by 50-100 m toward high altitude,with a slight decrease in areas.In winter,the situation that Urumqi belongs to the uncomfortable climate zone had not changed.