镍矿资源火法冶炼技术现状与研究

Current status and research of nickel ore resources pyrosmelting technology

镍是生产不锈钢的重要合金元素之一,主要以硫化镍和红土镍矿可利用资源形态贮存于自然界。但是随着硫化镍矿资源的逐年开采,硫化镍矿储量持续下降,逐步呈现枯竭状况,加上镍矿资源市场需求量日益增加,如何科学合理高效率利用储量巨大的红土镍矿资源成为当前冶金行业可持续发展上的重要保障。火法冶炼工艺具备操作流程简短、原料范围利用广等优点,成为当前红土镍矿开发利用的主要工艺之一。现阶段镍矿在火法冶炼中形成了多样化工艺流程,本文对RK-EF法、回转窑直接还原-磁选工艺、转底炉-熔分炉工艺等火法冶炼工艺的特点和优缺点,全面总结国内外研究现状和发展趋势,对火法冶炼技术高效率开发利用镍矿资源提出可行性建议。

Nickel is one of the important alloying elements for the production of stainless steel.It is mainly stored in nature in the form of available resources of nickel sulfide and laterite nickel ore.However,with the mining of nickel sulfide ore resources year by year,nickel sulfide ore reserves continue to decline and gradually become depleted.In addition,the market demand for nickel ore resources is increasing.How to use the huge reserves of lateritic nickel ore resources scientifically,rationally and efficiently has become an important guarantee for the sustainable development of the current metallurgical industry.The pyrosmelting process has the advantages of short operation process and wide range of raw material utilization,and has become one of the main processes for the development and utilization of laterite nickel ore.At present,nickel ore has formed a variety of technological processes in pyrosemlting.This paper discusses the characteristics,advantages and disadvantages of pyrosmelting processes such as RK-EF method,rotary kiln direct reduction-magnetic separation process,and rotary hearth furnace-melting furnace process,comprehensively summarizes the research status and development trends at home and abroad,and puts forward feasible suggestions for the efficient development and utilization of nickel ore resources by pyrosmelting technology.