磷石膏杂质脱除、稀土回收及资源化利用研究进展

Research progress in removal of impurities and recovery of rare earth from phosphogypsum and its resource utilization

磷石膏是磷矿湿法产酸的工业副产物,主要由二水硫酸钙和氟硅酸钠组成,产量大、组分复杂。目前我国磷石膏堆存量高达8亿t,其大量堆存不仅造成了严重的土地资源浪费,还导致了江河水质劣化及大气污染等生态环境问题,而其利用率仅为10%~30%,远未达到产用平衡。对磷石膏中磷、氟等杂质的脱除工艺、稀土元素的回收技术及其在建筑、农业、化工等行业的资源化利用研究现状进行了综述,以期为磷石膏大宗化、高值化利用研究及产业化应用提供参考。

As an industrial by-product from acid production by wet processing of phosphate rock,phosphogypsum is mainly composed of calcium sulfate dihydrate and sodium fluosilicate presented with high yield and complicated composition.At present,the domestic stockpiles of phosphogypsum is being expanded to 800 million tons,which has caused bad ecological and environmental problems such as waste of land,degradation of river water quality and air pollution.However,only 10%~30%of phosphogypsum had been utilized,which is far from the balance between production and reuse of phosphogypsum.The research progress of technologies for removal of impurities like phosphorus and fluorine,recovery of rare earth elements from phosphogypsum and their application in resource utilization of phosphogypsum in architecture,agriculture and chemical industry were summarized so as to provide reference for conducting research programs on the massive and high value utilization and industrial application of phosphogypsum.