多工作:概念界定、研究脉络与未来展望

Multiple Jobholding:Concept Definition,Research Context and Future Prospects

零工经济的快速发展使多工作群体在社会上涌现,但目前国内外研究对这一领域缺乏全面系统的梳理。通过概述当前多工作的概念和分类,从“资源”和“角色”的角度构建多工作的理论解释框架,从个体、组织、环境层面探讨个体从事多工作的成因,从利弊的角度分析多工作后效的组合效应和溢出效应,并阐述其内在作用机制和边界条件。最后提出未来研究展望:分析前因变量的组态效应,研究零工工作与全职工作之间界面机制,探讨时间因素对多工作之间短期和长期溢出效应的影响差异,关注多工作对个体、同事、家庭等多方面的双刃剑效应。

With the rapid development of the gig economy,the emergence of multiple jobholders(MJHers)in society has become prominent.However,there is currently a lack of comprehensive and systematic understanding of this field both domestically and internationally.This paper provides a systematic review by summarizing the concept and classification of multiple jobholding(MJH).Adopting the resource perspective and role perspective,a theoretical framework is outlined to explain MJH.Furthermore,this paper discusses the antecedents of MJH from individual,organizational and environmental levels,analyzing the mix effect and spillover effect of MJH,as well as its internal mechanism and boundary conditions.Finally,future research prospects are proposed,including:considering the configuration analysis of antecedent variables,enhancing the spillover effects of MJH with friends,colleagues,leaders and other social aspects,exploring the interaction between primary and secondary work and studying the dynamic spiral mechanism.