深度学习理论观照下职教教学转向:困境与实践路径

Shifting Vocational Education Teaching from the Perspective of Deep Learning Theory:Challenges and Practical Paths

全球产业数字化转型升级,“机器换人”淘汰劳动密集型如流水线作业等岗位。党的二十大创新性提出“科教融汇”新方向,强调亟需高素质技术技能人才助力国家技术创新。但目前职教教学中存在效率和工具理性优先、浅层学习教学、学生创新性及整体解决复杂问题能力缺乏、全职业生涯发展可持续性断层的实然困境。为培养“工业4.0”下能够灵活应对当前复杂情境及未来挑战的创新型人才,以深度学习理论为指导思想,以技术知识为基础,探析职业教育中的教学实践路径。基于深度学习的教学实践路径应包含四大要素:情境与动机:创设多模态具身“探索性”学习工作场域;重塑与建构:创设培养创新性整体解决问题能力的学习活动;解构与重建:构建生成性技术知识网络体系;批判与超越:教育工具性回归人终身化发展。以问题为动力轴,将深度学习融入教与学的实践逻辑中,实现学生职业生涯的持续发展。

With the global digital transformation of industries and the replacement of labor-intensive jobs with automation,such as assembly line operations,the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed an innovative direction of combining science and education,emphasizing the urgent need for highly skilled technical talent to support national technological innovation.However,current teaching practices in vocational education face challenges such as prioritizing efficiency and instrumental rationality,shallow learning,a lack of students'innovative and holistic problem-solving abilities,and a discontinuity in the development of sustainable career pathways.To cultivate innovative talents capable of adapting to complex current and future situations in the context of Industry 4.0,this study explores teaching practices in vocational education based on the guiding principles of deep learning theory and the foundation of technical knowledge.The proposed teaching practice path based on deep learning encompasses four essential elements.The first is context and motivation,creating multimodal embodied exploratory learning workspaces.The second is reshaping and construction,designing learning activities that foster innovative holistic problem-solving abilities.The third is deconstruction and reconstruction,constructing generative networks of technical knowledge.The fourth is critique and transcendence,returning educational tools for lifelong human development.By placing problems at the core and integrating deep learning into the practice logic of teaching and learning,sustainable career development for students can be achieved.