破除“查重迷信”:知网时代学位论文抄袭判断标准的匡正

Breaking the Myth of Plagiarism Checking:Rectification of Plagiarism Criteria of Dissertation in the Era of CNKI

学术不端文献检测结果并非法律标准,学术不端文献检测系统也存在着过于机械、过于依赖数据库文献量等缺陷,其检测结果并不足以作为认定论文是否构成抄袭的依据。“查重迷信”指的是高校基于对学术不端文献检测报告单的信任,片面地将检测报告作为抄袭判断标准,罔顾其存在的先天缺陷、背离抄袭的法律标准。对学术不端文献检测结果的过分依赖导致高校片面地将其看作毕业论文通过的前置条件,推动了市面上“降重”服务的盛行。“降重”服务本质上属于“洗稿”行为,其法律性质为著作权侵权与无效合同行为,不应被简单地看作与查重服务相伴而生的商业模式。矫正“查重迷信”,规范数字时代的学术不端行为,既需要高校优化论文评审流程、保障被检测者合法权益,也需要加强科研诚信教育、减少隐性学术不端行为的发生,还需要规范“降重”服务,提倡通过合理引用而非“洗稿”来规避学术不端检测系统误判。

Results of academic misconduct literature testing are not legal standards,and the testing system also has defects such as being too dogmatic and over-reliant on the volume of literature in the database,hence testing results are inadequate to determine paper plagiarism.The myth of plagiarism checking refers to the universities’unilateral use of the test report as the standard for plagiarism based on their trust in the academic misconduct test report,ignoring its inherent defects and deviating from the legal standard of plagiarism.The over-reliance on the results has led universities to unilaterally regard them as a pre-requisite for the approval of graduation theses,which has contributed to the prevalence of“repetition reduction”service in the market.The legal nature of“repetition reduction”service is copyright infringement and invalid contractual acts,which should not be simply regarded as a business model accompanying plagiarism checking services.To rectify the myth of plagiarism checking and regulate academic misconduct in the digital era,it is necessary for universities to optimize the evaluation process of theses and protect testees’legitimate rights,to strengthen education on research integrity and reduce possible hidden academic misconducts,as well as to regulate the“repetition reduction”service and advocate the use of reasonable citation instead of“manuscript washing”to avoid misjudgment by the academic misconduct detection system.