传统社会廉政建设中的历史闭环、制度闭环及人情闭环

The Closed Loops of History,System,and Human Relations in the Construction of a Clean and Honest Government in the Traditional Society

在中国传统社会廉政建设中,有三根红线一直统摄其中,分别是历史闭环、制度闭环、人情闭环。强调“水能载舟,亦能覆舟”的历史闭环是老百姓反制公权力腐败的终极武器,构成传统社会廉政建设的根本动力。强调“莫贪腐,贪腐必受罚”的制度闭环,是传统社会执政者和老百姓反制公权力腐败的体制内武器,它能在公权力处于“小贪小恶”之际,就对公权力及其行使主体实施强力纠偏和严厉追责。然而,制度闭环容易被“投之以桃,报之以李”的人情闭环所堵塞,变成毫无杀伤力的摆设。进一步说,人情闭环通过堵塞制度闭环,成为传统社会廉政建设的致命梗阻。传统社会也试图在廉政建设中清除人情闭环及其危害,然而效果大多不佳,这让传统社会的廉政建设时常笼罩在失败阴云下。

In the construction of a clean and honest government in the traditional Chinese society,three red lines have always governed it,namely,the closed loop of history,the closed loop of system,and the closed loop of human relations.The historical closed loop which emphasizes that"water,being able to carry a boat,can also overturn it"is the ultimate weapon for ordinary people to fight against corruption in public power,and constitutes the fundamental driving force for the construction of a clean and honest government in the traditional society.The closed loop of system which emphasizes that"don′t corrupt,and those who corrupt will be punished"is an institutional weapon used by the rulers and ordinary people in the traditional society to fight against corruption in public power,since it can implement strong corrections and strict accountability for the public power and its exercising entities when the public power is in a state of"minor corruption and minor evil".However,the closed loop of system is easily blocked by the closed loop of human relations which emphasizes"offering a peach and harvesting a plum in return",and then turns into a harmless decoration.Furthermore,the closed loop of human relations has become a fatal obstacle to the construction of a clean and honest government in the traditional society by blocking the closed loop of the system.The traditional society has also tried to eliminate the closed loop of human relations and its harm in building a clean government,but the results have mostly been poor,which often casts a cloud of failure on the construction of a clean and honest government in the traditional society.