同/异质型乳酸菌配比对全株玉米青贮品质的影响

Effects of Ratios of Homo-/Hetero-lactic Acid Bacteria on Silage Quality of Whole Plant Corn

【目的】筛选适宜全株玉米青贮的乳酸菌种类及添加量,促进青贮玉米产业化开发。【方法】以蜡熟期全株玉米为原料,设置自然发酵(CK)、添加植物乳杆菌(Z)、添加布氏乳杆菌(B)以及m植物乳杆菌∶m布氏乳杆菌分别为1∶1(Z_(1)B_(1))、5∶1(Z_(5)B_(1))和1∶5(Z_(1)B_(5))处理,开展同/异质型乳酸菌配比对全株玉米微生物数量、发酵品质及有氧稳定性的影响研究。【结果】与CK相比,布氏乳杆菌、植物乳杆菌单独添加或混合添加均可提高青贮玉米乳酸菌数量,降低其pH值,增加有机酸含量,减少酵母菌数量,有效抑制好氧细菌滋生,提高全株玉米青贮饲料的有氧稳定性。模糊数学隶属函数法评价结果表明:不同处理青贮玉米品质优劣顺序为B=Z_(1)B_(5)>Z>Z_(5)B_(1)>CK>Z_(1)B_(1)。【结论】单独添加布氏乳杆菌或植物乳杆菌以及m植物乳杆菌∶m_(布氏乳杆菌)=1∶5混合添加可有效提升青贮玉米品质。

[Purpose]To screen out the types and amount of lactic acid bacteria suitable for whole plant corn silage,promoting the industrial development of corn silage.[Methods]Using whole plant corn at wax maturity as raw material,the treatments of natural fermentation(CK),addition of Lactobacillus plantarum(Z),addition of L.buchneri(B),and addition of L.plantarum to L.buchneri in mass ratios of 1∶1(Z_(1)B_(1)),5∶1(Z_(5)B_(1)),and 1∶5(Z_(1)B_(5))were set up to carry out the study of the effect of the ratios of homo/hetero types of Lactobacillus on the microbial counts,fermentation quality and aerobic stability.[Results]Compared with CK,the addition of L.buchneri and L.plantarum alone or in mixture could increase the number of lactic acid bacteria in silage corn,reduce its pH value,increase the content of organic acid,reduce the number of yeast,effectively inhibit the breeding of aerobic bacteria,and improve the aerobic stability of whole plant corn silage.The evaluation result of fuzzy mathematics membership function method showed that the quality order of different treatments of silage corn was:B=Z_(1)B_(5)>Z>Z_(5)B_(1)>CK>Z_(1)B_(1).[Conclusion]The addition of L.buchneri or L.plantarum alone as well as L.plantarum and L.buchneri mixed at a mass ratio of 1∶5 can effectively improve the quality of silage corn.