蛴螬粪对番茄幼苗生长及果实品质的影响

Effects of manure on seedling growth and fruit quality of tomato

【目的】探析蛴螬粪对番茄幼苗生长的促进和果实品质的提高是否有作用。【方法】以番茄幼苗和果期植株为试验材料,幼苗期选用4种复合基质配方,分别为CK(蛭石∶草炭=1∶2)、S1(蛭石∶草炭∶蛴螬粪=1∶1∶1)、S2(蛭石∶草炭∶蛴螬粪=1∶1∶2)、S3(草炭∶蛴螬粪=2∶1),测定番茄幼苗的根系长度、根系表面积、根系体积、根尖数及分叉数、光合速率指标、酶活性指标,果期选择1种口感型番茄和实产量和1种樱桃番茄为试材,根施蛴螬粪,测定抗坏血酸含量、番茄红素含量、可滴定酸含量、可溶性糖含量及糖酸比。【结果】施加蛴螬粪后,S1的株高、茎粗、叶片数显著提高,说明其可显著促进番茄幼苗的生长。与CK相比,S1、S2、S3的净光合速率、气孔导度、光和水分利用效率均显著高于CK,其中,S1复合基质能够显著提高番茄幼苗的提高光合效率,其净光合速率达到了6.22μmol/(m 2·s),其气孔导度达到了0.51 mol/(m 2·s),其光和水分利用效率达到了3.92 mmol/mol。蛴螬粪的施加能够显著提高番茄幼苗根系长度、根系表面积、根系体积、根尖数及分叉数,促进幼苗根系发育,并且显著提高幼苗过氧化物酶活性。蛴螬粪可显著提高红贝贝樱桃番茄品种果实的番茄红素含量和京彩8号的纵茎,降低京彩8号口感型番茄品种果实的硬度。两种类型番茄果实的可溶性固形物、抗坏血酸、可滴定酸、可溶性糖含量有所提高,但差异性不显著。【结论】蛴螬粪可以促进番茄幼苗的生长发育,能够在一定程度上提高番茄果实品质。

[Objective]To investigate whether grub feces have a role in promoting the growth of tomato seedlings and improving fruit quality.[Methods]Tomato seedlings and fruiting plants were used as experimental materials,and four composite sub strate formulations were selected in the seedling stage,namely,CK(vermiculite∶charcoal=1∶2),S1(vermiculite∶charcoal∶grub feces=1∶1∶1),S2(vermiculite∶charcoal∶grub feces=1∶1∶2),and S3(charcoal∶grub feces=2∶1),to determine the length of the root system of the tomato seedling,the surface area of the root system,and the volume of the root system,Root length,root surface area,root volume,number of root tips and forks,photosynthetic rate index,enzyme activity index,fruit selection of a taste type tomato and real yield and a cherry tomato as test material,root application of grub manure,determination of ascorbic acid content,lycopene content,titratable acid content,soluble sugar content,and sugar-acid ratio.[Results]The plant height,stem thickness and number of leaves of S1 were significantly increased after the application of grub manure,indicating that it can significantly promote the growth of tomato seedlings.Compared with CK,the net photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance,and light and water use efficiency of S1,S2,and S3 were significantly higher than those of CK,among which,the S1 composite substrate could significantly improve the photosynthetic efficiency of tomato seedlings,and its net photosynthetic rate reached 6.22μmol/(m 2·s),its stomatal conductance reached 0.51 mol/(m 2·s),and its light and water use efficiency reached 3.92 mmol/mol.The application of grub manure significantly increased the root length,root surface area,root volume,number of root tips and number of forks of tomato seedlings,promoted the root development of seedlings,and significantly increased the peroxidase activity of seedlings.Grub feces significantly increased lycopene content of fruits of Red Bebe cherry tomato variety and longitudinal stems of Jingcai 8,and reduced the hardness of fruits of Jingcai 8 palatable tomato variety.The soluble solids,ascorbic acid,titratable acid,and soluble sugar contents of the two types of tomato fruits were increased,but the differences were not significant.[Conclusion]Grub feces can promote the growth and development of tomato seedlings,and can improve tomato fruit quality to a certain extent.