船舶锚泊作业对海底管道安全风险分析

Analysis of safety risk of submarine pipelines in ship anchoring operations

船锚撞击、拖曳是海底管道遭受第三方破坏,导致海底管道发生泄漏,造成海洋环境污染、生产停滞等严重后果的主要因素之一。针对渤海湾水域水深较浅、航运密集度高的现实情况,建立落锚贯入深度的数学模型,采用耦合的欧拉-拉格朗日方法模拟计算方法,计算出船舶落锚后的贯入深度,提出渤海湾某海底管道埋设深度的安全值;根据落物漂移轨迹理论,计算落锚击中海底管道的概率,综合分析得出船舶落锚对该海底管道安全风险;通过计算拖锚时锚爪的入土深度和渤海水域拖锚的可能性,得出拖锚对海底管道安全风险。分析计算落锚、拖锚等船舶锚泊作业对海底管道产生的安全风险,对海底管道管理方、船舶方、海事部门共同保护海底管道具有一定的指导意义。

Anchor impact and towing are the main factors that cause the submarine pipeline to be damaged by a third party,resulting in submarine pipeline leakage,marine environmental pollution,production stagnation,and other serious consequences.Since the water depth of Bohai Bay is relatively small,and the intensity of shipping is high,a mathematical model of anchored penetration depth is established in this paper.The coupled Euler-Lagrange simulation method is adopted to calculate the penetration depth after ship anchoring,and the safety value of the buried depth of a submarine pipeline in Bohai Bay is proposed.According to the drift trajectory theory of falling objects,the probability of falling anchor hitting the submarine pipeline is calculated,and the safety risk of the submarine pipeline is obtained by comprehensive analysis.By calculating the depth of the anchor claw and the possibility of dragging the anchor in Bohai Bay,the safety risk of dragging the anchor to the submarine pipeline is obtained.By analyzing and calculating the safety risks of ship anchoring operations such as dropping anchor and dragging anchor,this paper has certain guiding significance to the joint protection of submarine pipelines by submarine pipeline parties,ship parties,and maritime departments.