引黄灌区土壤水盐运移模式及变化特征研究

Water and salt transport mode and change characteristics in soil of Yellow River diversion irrigation area

为了研究引黄灌区土壤水盐运移模式及变化特征,以黄河下游开封市黑岗口引黄灌区为研究区,设置不同灌溉方案、排水方案、施肥方案,研究灌区土壤20~100 cm土层的水盐运移模式及变化特征,并使用灰色关联法,分析影响土壤水盐运移状态的敏感因素。研究结果显示:20~100 cm土层范围内,随深度增大,含水率先变小后变大,全盐量先变大后变小。具体变化特征是:定额浸灌相比定额喷灌模式而言,浸灌时土壤含水率较高、土壤全盐量较少。排水周期较短时,土壤含水率、全盐量变少。施肥量对土壤含水率影响不大,不施肥时全盐量最少,施肥量增多时全盐量增多;影响土壤水盐运移状态的敏感因素排名是:灌溉模式>灌水定额>排水周期>排水强度>施肥量。研究结果可作为调控土壤水盐运移状态的参考依据。

To study the water and salt transport mode and change characteristics in the soil of the Yellow River diversion irrigation area,the Heigangkou Yellow River diversion irrigation area in Kaifeng City,was taken as a representative study area.Different irrigation schemes,drainage schemes,and fertilization schemes were set up to study the water and salt transport mode and change characteristics of the soil layer from 20cm to 100cm in the irrigation area.The gray correlation method was used to analyze the sensitive factors affecting the soil water and salt transport state.The research results show that when the depth increases,the water content first decreases and then increases,while the total salt content first increases and then decreases.Compared with the quota sprinkling irrigation mode,the soil water content is higher and the total salt content of the soil is less in the quota submersion irrigation mode.When the drainage period is short,the soil moisture content and total salt content become less.The amount of fertilizer has little effect on soil moisture content,the total salt content is the least when no fertilizer is applied,and the total salt content increases when the amount of fertilizer is increased.After grey correlation analysis,it is considered that the order of sensitive factors affecting soil water and salt transport is:irrigation mode>irrigation quota>drainage period>drainage intensity>fertilizer amount.