解释论视角下约定竞业限制主体泛化问题及完善

The Expansion of the Application of Non-competition to Employees and Its Improvement from the Perspective of Interpretation

竞业限制是平衡保护商业秘密和劳动者权益、企业创新和人才合理流动的重要制度。在实践中,约定竞业限制主体之“其他保密人员”的泛化问题较为严重。究其成因,从解释论的视角出发,对于规定主体的兜底性条款,同类解释规则和目的解释无法厘清其范围;对于竞业客体商业秘密的认定标准也不统一,因此,司法中法官对竞业主体难以进行实质审查,造成了上述问题。借鉴国外经验和其他部门法,应当从立法出发对相关条文进行补充完善,对列举加概括性条款增加纵向列举项,对商业秘密增设标准,力争对竞业限制主体中的其他保密人员进行限缩,更好地保护弱势劳动者利益。

Non-competition restriction is important to balance the protection of commercial secrets and the interests of employees,innovation and rational flow of talents.In practice,the expansion of“other people needs to keep secrets”is serious.From the perspective of the theory of interpretation,it is impossible to clarify the scope of the subject.The standards for the identification of commercial secrets are not uniform,so it is difficult for judges to carry out substantial examination of the subject of competition in the judiciary,which causes the above problems.Drawing lessons from foreign experience and other law departments,we should supplement relevant provisions,add vertical enumeration items,add standards to business secrets,and strive to limit other people needs to keep secrets in non-competition,so as to better protect the interests of vulnerable employees.