少突胶质前体细胞移植治疗脊髓损伤的研究进展

Research progress of oligodendrocyte precursor cells transplantation in the treatment of spinal cord injury

中枢神经系统(central nervous system,CNS)中的髓鞘在传递信息、营养神经元、维护内环境稳态等生物学过程中具有重要作用。脊髓损伤(spinal cord injury,SCI)造成的脱髓鞘极大限制了SCI后神经环路的重建和功能恢复。移植的外源性少突胶质前体细胞(oligodendrocyte progenitor cell,OPC)可以通过增殖、迁移、分化形成新的成熟髓鞘包裹轴突,弥补SCI后内源性髓鞘再生不足的缺陷,从而有效促进SCI后的神经修复。近年的研究已证明OPC移植治疗SCI的可行性,揭示了其促进感觉、运动功能恢复的机制。本文就当前OPC移植治疗SCI的研究进展进行综述,分析可能的治疗机制和潜在的组合疗法并进行展望,为基于移植OPC促进髓鞘再生治疗SCI修复提出新的策略和方向。

The myelin sheath in the central nervous system(CNS)plays an important role in biological processes such as transmitting information,nourishing neurons,and maintaining homeostasis.Demyelination caused by spinal cord injury(SCI)greatly limits the reconstruction of neural circuits and functional recovery after SCI.Transplanted exogenous oligodendrocyte progenitor cell(OPC)can form new mature myelin sheath wrapping axons through proliferation,migration,and differentiation,which make up for the deficiency of endogenous remyelination after SCI,and thus effectively promote nerve repair after SCI.Recent studies have demonstrated the possibility of OPC transplantation in SCI therapy,revealing its mechanism of promoting sensory and motor function recovery.In this review,we summarize the current research progress of OPC transplantation in the treatment of SCI,analyze possible therapeutic mechanisms and potential combination therapies,and propose new strategies and directions for promoting remyelination based on OPC transplantation for SCI repair.