追肥对马铃薯农艺性状、产量及品质的影响

Effects of Topdressing on Agronomic Traits,Yield and Quality of Potato

黑龙江省是中国马铃薯生产优势区域,但生产管理水平较为粗放,马铃薯产业发展迫切需要围绕优良新品种配套的高效栽培技术,以提高马铃薯单产和质量。马铃薯对不同种类养分需求时间和吸收量均存在差异。试验以近年来自主选育的2个马铃薯新品种‘东农312’和‘东农321’为对象,采用单因素随机区组试验设计,设置5个肥料处理(CK=常规追肥、C1=减氮追肥、C2=腐植酸、C3=有机质和C4=微量元素Zn、Mn),比较各品种在不同追肥处理下的植株生长、产量及品质情况,确定适宜的追肥方案,为新品种推广及扩大应用提供基础数据和种植指导。‘东农312’在追肥C3处理(有机质)下株高、SPAD值和淀粉含量有提升,产量为54748 kg/hm^(2),较CK增产3.43%;‘东农321’在C1处理(减氮追肥)下产量、商品薯产量和维生素C含量均有提升,但还原糖含量显著降低。此外,‘东农321’在初花期C1处理(减氮追肥)下株高、茎粗和冠层覆盖度与CK相比有显著增加,产量为51973 kg/hm^(2),较CK增产8.50%。综上所述,追肥处理‘东农312’和‘东农321’分别建议采用追施含有机质叶面肥和减氮追肥。

Heilongjiang Province is a big potato producer in China,but the level of production management is relatively low.Therefore,efficient cultivation techniques for excellent new varieties are urgently needed to improve the yield and quality of potato in the development of potato industry.Potatoes are different in their absorption periods and absorption rates of different types of fertilizers.In this experiment,the suitable topdressing scheme was to be determined for two new potato varieties,'Dongnong 312'and'Dongnong 321',recently developed in China,aiming at providing basic data and planting guidance for the promotion and application of the new varieties.Five topdressing fertilization treatments(CK=regular topdressing,C1=nitrogen reduction topdressing,C2=humic acid,C3=organic matter,and C4=trace elements,Zn and Mn)were set up in a randomized complete block design,and plant growth,yield and quality of each variety under different topdressing treatments were compared.The plant height,SPAD value and starch content of'Dongnong 312'were increased,and total tuber yield was 54748 kg/ha under the treatment C3(organic matter),which was increased by 3.43%,when compared with CK.The total tuber yield,marketable tuber yield and vitamin C content of'Dongnong 321'were increased under the treatment C1(nitrogen reduction topdressing),but the reducing sugar content was significantly reduced.In addition,the plant height,stem diameter and canopy coverage of'Dongnong 321'were significantly increased compared with CK under the treatment C1(nitrogen reducing topdressing)at the early flowering stage,and total tuber yield was 51973 kg/ha,increasing by 8.50%compared with CK.In summary,organic matter-containing foliar fertilizer and nitrogen-reducing topdressing should be recommended to be applied for'Dongnong 312'and'Dongnong 321',respectively.