云南省核技术利用Ⅳ类、Ⅴ类放射源现状及存在问题的对策研究

Study on the Current Situation of ClassⅣandⅤRadioactive Sources for Nuclear Technology Utilization in Yunnan Province and Countermeasures for Problems Existing

为进一步加强云南省放射源的安全管理,防范化解辐射环境中的风险隐患,通过采取现场调查、监测和资料查阅等方法,对云南省监管在用的Ⅳ类、Ⅴ类放射源进行了调查研究。研究发现,云南省Ⅳ类、Ⅴ类放射源数量占全省放射源总数的70%以上,各州(市)放射源数量与该地区GDP呈正相关,主要集中在水泥制造、制糖等行业,用途多为工业控制核子仪表,使用最多的核素为^(137)Cs。存在闲置放射源安全风险隐患大、放射源安全管理问题突出、辐射安全与防护管理制度执行不理想等问题。本文针对上述问题进行了原因分析,并从安全管理、核安全文化培育传播、辐射安全监管等方面提出了对策,为放射源使用、管理部门放射源监管提供参考建议。

In order to further strengthen the safety management of radioactive sources in Yunnan Province,to prevent and solve the hidden risks of radiation environment,on-site investigation,monitoring and data access methods were implemented to investigate and study the Class IV and V radioactive sources in use in Yunnan Province under supervision.The study found that the number ofⅣandⅤradioactive sources in Yunnan accounts for more than 70%of the total number of radioactive sources in the province,the number of radioactive sources in each city is positively correlated with gross domestic product,mainly concentrated in cement manufacturing,sugar industry,mostly used for industrial control of nuclear instruments,and the most widely used nuclide is Cs-137.The main problems include idle radioactive sources with greater safety risk potential,prominent safety management of radioactive sources,and unsatisfactory implementation of radiation safety and protection management system.This study analyzes the causes of the existing problems and proposes countermeasure research in terms of radiation work unit safety management,nuclear safety culture cultivation and dissemination,and radiation safety supervision,with the aim to provide feasible suggestions for the use of radioactive sources in radiation work units and the management department’s supervision of radioactive sources.