基于MaxEnt模型的壶瓶山国家级自然保护区野猪的适生区评价研究

Research on the distribution of suitable habitat for Sus scrofa in Hupingshan National Nature Reserve based on MaxEnt model

湖南壶瓶山国家级自然保护区(以下简称壶瓶山保护区)被选为华南虎野外放归的主要备选地之一。野猪是壶瓶山保护区内满足华南虎对猎物数量和质量要求的主要猎物之一。本文以壶瓶山保护区内的野猪为研究对象,从社会经济和自然环境两个方面选取9个环境因子,结合野猪红外相机监测数据,采用MaxEnt模型评价壶瓶山保护区内野猪的适生区及其分布,并探究环境因子对野猪生境选择的影响机制。结果表明:最适生区、适生区、不适生区的面积分别为138.5、311.9、216.4 km^(2),分别占保护区总面积的20.78%、46.78%、32.45%;核心区、缓冲区、试验区分别有89.61%、82.78%、35.53%的面积属于最适生区和适生区;道路是影响野猪生境选择的主要环境因子。研究结果为壶瓶山保护区内野猪种群管理以及华南虎野化放归项目的成功实施提供了重要理论依据。

Hunan Hupingshan National Nature Reserve(hereinafter:Hupingshan Reserve) has been selected as one of the main alternative sites for the reintroduction of South China tigers(Panthera tigris amoyensis) into the wild.Wild boar(Sus scrofa) is one of the main preys in Hupingshan Reserve that meets the requirements of South China tiger on the quantity and quality of prey.In this study,the wild boars in Hupingshan Reserve were taken as the research object,and 9 environmental factors were selected from the two aspects of social economy and natural environment.Combined with wild boar infrared camera monitoring data,the MaxEnt model was used to evaluate the suitable habitat area and distribution of wild boars in Hupingshan Reserve,and explore the influence mechanism of environmental factors on wild boar habitat selection.The results showed:the most suitable,suitable,and unsuitable area were 138.5 km~2,311.9 km~2,and 216.4 km~2,respectively,accounting for 20.78%,46.78%,and 32.45% of the total area of the protected area;89.61% of the core area,82.78% of the buffer area,and 35.53% of the experimental area belonged to the most suitable and suitable area,respectively;road was the main environmental factor affecting the habitat selection of wild boars.The research results provided an important theoretical basis for the wild boar population management and the successful implementation of the wild reintroduction project of South China tiger in Hupingshan Reserve.