另一种“体用”:邵雍藏显义用体论及其定位

Another Type of"Ti&Yong":Shao Yong's Theory of Yong&Ti and Its Positioning

作为早期理学的重要开拓者,邵雍以独具特色的体用思想推动了理学思维的形成。近年来,学界愈益关注邵雍体用论形态的独特性,但对其的理解与定位尚不深入。邵雍的确以大量体用言说来支撑构建其象数学体系,着墨颇多,论说极精,但总体而言,其体用言说属于对现象世界的描绘,呈现“因体生用”之形下一面。值得注意的是,邵雍体用思想中还有“因用生体”的一面,这种朝向思辨之维转型的面向才构成邵雍体用论的真正创见。就后者而言,邵雍体用论既不同于传统的形体体用论,也与佛学、理学的性体体用论有所区别,它以先天心法为用、后天形迹为体,是一种以“用”为本原的藏显义的“用体论”。这是邵雍体用思想的特色,也是早期理学形成中的过渡形态与重要环节。

As an important pioneer of early Neo-Confucianism,Shao Yong promoted the formation of Neo-Confucianism thinking with his unique practical thinking.In recent years,scholars have paid more and more attention to the uniqueness of Shao Yong's theory of Ti Yong,but their understanding and positioning have not yet been deepened.Shao Yong did use a lot of expressions of Ti Yong to build the construction of his image mathematics system,with plenty of descriptions and fine arguments,but,overall it belongs to the depiction of the phenomenal world,as the expressions of Ti Yong presents a low side of"immobilizing Ti and generating Yong".It is worth noting that there is also a"generating Ti out of Yong"aspect in Shao Yong's theory of Ti Yong,and this aspect of transformation towards the dimension of critical thinking constitutes the true creation of Shao Yong's theory of Ti Yong.As far as the latter is concerned,Shao Yong's theory of Ti Yong is different from the traditional physical theory of Ti Yong,and also different from the Buddhism's and Neo-Confucianism's Xing-Ti theory of Ti Yong.Shao's theory uses the innate mental method as Yong(function)and the acquired act as Ti(form),and is a theory of"Yong Ti"with"Yong"as the origin to hide the obvious meaning.This is the characteristic of Shao Yong's Ti Yong thinking,and it is also a transitional form and important link in the formation of early Neo-Confucianism.