论教育惩戒的理论困境和实践疏解

On the Theoretical Dilemma and Practical Dispersal of Educational Discipline

教育惩戒是一个典型的两难话题,面临着深层次的理论困境。一是存在与合理之困。教育惩戒自古有之,但对于从农业社会快速转型为工业社会并在信息社会中崛起的当代中国而言,教育传统中的教育惩戒的价值有待重估。二是目的和手段之困。教育惩戒的复杂性,很大程度上源于目的合理性和手段合法性之间的关系问题。目的合理并不意味着达成目的的手段必然合法,手段合法又未必合情。三是教育惩戒的效果评估之困。教育惩戒对于学生的全面发展以及对于公民社会的教育引导的效果,很难做出确定而恰当的评估。新时代的教育惩戒需要明确边界、制定细则、完善程序和系统设计,其困境才可能在实践层面得到恰当的疏解。

Educational discipline is a classic dilemma that faces deep theoretical dilemmas.One is the dilemma of existence and rationality.Educational discipline has existed since ancient times,but for contemporary China,which has rapidly transformed from an agrarian society to an industrial society and risen in the information society,the value of educational discipline in the educational tradition has yet to be reassessed.The second is the dilemma of ends and means.The complexity of educational discipline stems to a large extent from the problem of the relationship between the rationality of the ends and the legitimacy of the means.The reasonableness of the ends does not necessarily mean that the means of achieving the end are legitimate,and the legitimacy of the means may not necessarily be reasonable.The third is the dilemma of of evaluating the effectiveness of educational discipline.Whether for the free and comprehensive development of students or for the educational guidance of civil society,it is difficult for people to make a definite and proper assessment of the effects of educational discipline.The new era of educational discipline requires clear boundaries,detailed rules,improved procedures and systematic design before its dilemmas can be appropriately resolved at the practical level.