宁夏外来植物组成与分布现状

Composition and Distribution Status of Alien Plants in Ningxia

为了给当地外来入侵植物的防控提供基础数据,推进宁夏生物多样性保护,于2018—2022年进行野外实地调查,并结合相关文献与数据库查阅,对宁夏外来植物进行分类统计分析,研究宁夏外来植物的种类组成、原产地、生活型、入侵途径和危害状况等,形成宁夏外来植物名录。结果表明:宁夏有外来植物180种,隶属44科124属,其中外来入侵植物106种,外来非入侵植物74种。外来植物中菊科(Asteraceae)种类最多,有41种;其次是豆科(Leguminosae)15种、蔷薇科(Rosaceae)12种、苋科(Amaranthaceae)12种、禾本科(Gramineae)9种,这5个科占外来植物总数的49.44%。外来植物中草本植物种类最多,有132种,占总种数的73.33%;乔木次之,有27种;灌木、藤本植物分别19、2种。来源于美洲的外来植物最多,占总种数的59.44%;其次是欧洲,占29.44%;地中海地区最少,占6.11%。恶性入侵、严重入侵植物分别有10、15种,占外来入侵植物总种数的23.58%。从入侵途径方面来看,各植物表现为有意引入>无意引入>自然传播,其中有意引入达141种,占总种数的78.33%。综上,宁夏地区外来植物入侵种类多、危害程度加重,除加强外来植物的监测和预警外,重点对菊科和来源于美洲的入侵植物进行管控。

In order to provide basic data and promote the protection of biological diversity in Ningxia,we conducted a statistical analysis of alien plants through field survey from 2018 to 2022,combined with relevant literature and database review,studied the species composition,origin,life type,invasion ways and damage status,and then formed the list of alien plants.The results showed that the 180 alien plants were divided into 106 invasive plants and 74 non-invasive plants in Ningxia,belonging to 124 genera and 44 families.Among the alien plants,Asteraceae had the largest number of species(41),followed by Leguminosae(15),Rosaceae(12),Amaranthaceae(12)and Gramineae(9),these five families accounted for 49.44%of the total species.Herbs with 132 species were the most,accounting for 73.33%,followed by macrophanerophytes with 27 species,and the third were shrubs with 19 species and lianes with 2 species.The most alien plants came from America accounting for 59.44%,followed by Europe accounting for 29.44%,and the lest came from Mediterranean accounting for 6.11%.Malignant invasion of 10 species and severe invasion of 15 species accounting for 23.58%of the total species.The order of invasion way of alien plants was as follow:intentional introduction>unintentional introduction>natural transmission.141 species were intentionally introduced,accounting for 78.33%of the total species.There were many kinds of invasive species of alien plants whose harmful degrees increased in Ningxia.In addition to strengthen the monitoring and early warning of alien plants,we focused on the control of Asteraceae and the invasive plants from America.