广西外来入侵植物豚草的分布调查

Distribution of Alien Invasive Species Ambrosia artemisiifolia in Guangxi Area

2019—2022年,对广西111个县(市、区)的豚草分布进行样带调查。结果表明,横州、兴宾、上林、武宣、象州、鹿寨、宾阳、灌阳和隆林9个县(市、区)有豚草发生;除了在兴宾区持续蔓延之外,横州市和上林县成为豚草的新增暴发热点,新热点的传播风险更大。装卸场是豚草发生率和归化率最高的生境,车辆传播和污染泥土传播是广西豚草扩散的主要渠道。环境的物种丰富度与豚草盖度呈负相关,但与豚草发生率和归化率均无显著关联。桂中平原周边的崇山峻岭对豚草传播起到隔离带作用。南部沿海地区的北海、钦州和防城港均未发现豚草,这种情况可能与冬季气候温和有关。

A field survey was conducted in 111 counties of Guangxi area to investigate distribution of Ambrosia artemisiifolia.The results showed that A.artemisiifolia occurred in 9 counties,including Hengzhou,Xingbin,Shanglin,Wuxuan,Xiangzhou,Luzhai,Binyang,Guanyang and Longlin.In addition to the continued spread in Xingbin County,Hengzhou and Shanglin became the other two new outbreak hotspots of A.artemisiifolia,and the risk of transmission in the new hotspots was even greater.Loading yard was the habitat with the highest occurrence rate and naturalization rate of A.artemisiifolia,and vehicle and contaminated soil transport were the main channels of spread for A.artemisiifolia in Guangxi area.Species richness in the environment was negatively correlated with the coverage of A.artemisiifolia,but was not correlated with occurrence rate or naturalization rate.Towering and steep mountains around Guizhong Plain acted as a natural barrier to prevent the spread of A.artemisiifolia.No A.artemisiifolia was found in Beihai,Qinzhou and Fangchenggang of the southern part coastal areas due to warm winter climate there.