面向BLE Mesh能量优化的路由协议研究

Routing protocol research for BLE mesh energy optimization

近年来,物联网技术不断进步与突破,全球物联网行业呈现爆发式增长态势.低功耗蓝牙自组网(Bluetooth Low Energy Mesh,BLE Mesh)应运而生,相较于其他的Mesh协议,BLE Mesh是竞争力极强的通信方式.然而,现有的BLEMesh只考虑以管理型泛洪协议进行数据传输.当网络规模或传输数据量增大时,网络中将会充斥大量冗余数据,导致能耗增加.针对能耗问题,本文提出面向BLEMesh的节点组合式按需路由协议.首先,通过邻居节点信息交换、节点组合配置和节点组合全连通三个步骤建立节点组合式网络拓扑.其次,使用路由探测包和路由回复包得到所有传输路径中的最短路径.最后,源节点沿着最短路径依次发送数据包.该协议通过限制普通节点转发,仅允许领导节点和中继节点转发数据包,减少转发节点数量,以达到抑制冗余数据包的目的.在MATLAB R2022a上仿真对比该节点组合式按需路由协议与管理型泛洪协议,结果表明,源节点向目的节点发送100个数据包时,该协议降低了网络中92.43%的数据包总量,进而减少了能量消耗,并且,源节点传输的数据包越多,效果越明显.

In recent years,IOT technology has continued to advance and breakthrough,and the global IOT industry has seen explosive growth.Bluetooth Low Energy Mesh has emerged as a highly competitive communication method compared to other mesh protocols.However,existing BLE Mesh only considers managed flooding protocols for data transmission.When the size of the network or the amount of transmitted data increases,the network will be filled with a large amount of redundant data,resulting in increased energy use.To address the energy consumption problem,this paper proposes a node-combined on-demand routing protocol for BLE Mesh.Firstly,the node-combined network topology is established through three steps:neighbor node information exchange,node combination configuration and node combination full connectivity.Secondly,route probe packets and route reply packets are used to obtain the shortest path of all transmission paths.Finally,the source node sends packets sequentially along the shortest path.The protocol reduces the number of forwarding nodes by limiting ordinary node forwarding and allowing only leader and relay nodes to forward packets in order to suppress redundant packets.Simulation on MATLAB R2022a compares this node-combined on-demand routing protocol with a managed flooding protocol.The results show that the protocol reduces the total number of packets in the network by 92.43%when the source node transmits 100 packets,thus reducing the energy consumption.Moreover,the more packets the source node transmits,the better the result.