中国对非援助的分配流向——基于对非投资和经济距离的视角

Flows of Chinese Aid to Africa:Perspective Based on OFDI in Africa and Economic Distance

近年来,中国作为国际上新晋的“援助者”受到了广泛关注。采用2000—2014年中国对非洲53个国家提供援助的跨国面板数据,从对非投资和经济距离视角尝试分析中国对非援助分配的实际流向。研究结果表明:中国对非援助在首先考虑了受援国是否坚持一个中国基本原则之后,一方面立足长远照顾了经济距离较远的远亲关系,这种“舍近求远”的援助范式与中国式“工业强国”脱贫发展理念同源,体现了援助的帮扶本质。另一方面兼顾当前利益强化了经济距离较近的近邻关系,有助于获取本国投资收益,实现中非双方合作共赢。这种现象在官方援助、以发展为目的的援助和直接拨款的援助上表现得更为明显。细分行业看,中国的援助主要流向与中国基础设施行业间经济距离较小、制造业间经济距离较大的国家和地区。机制分析表明,对非投资通过改善受援国的发展潜力、发展风险以及发展基础等渠道显著影响中国对非援助的分配。中国援助分配偏好的规范选择和理性驱动双重属性使得这种新兴的国际开发合作范式更有利于中非各国发展的“友好共生”。

In recent years,China has received a lot of attention as a new donor.Using cross-country panel data on Chinese aid to 53 African countries from 2000-2014,this paper analyzes the actual flow of China s aid allocation to Africa from the perspective of OFDI and economic distance.The findings show that China s aid to Africa,after first considering whether the recipient countries adhere to the basic principle of one China,on the one hand,has taken care of distant economic relations in the long run,and this paradigm of“giving up the near to seek the far”is the same as the Chinese concept of“industrial power”in poverty alleviation and development,which reflects the essence of aid.On the other hand,taking into account current interests strengthens the proximity of economic relations and helps to realize the benefits of domestic investment and win-win cooperation between China and Africa countries.This phenomenon is more effective in official aid,development-oriented aid,and directly funded aid.By sector,China s aid is mainly flowing to countries and regions that are less economically distant from China s infrastructure sector and more economically distant from China s manufacturing sector.Mechanism analysis shows that OFDI in Africa significantly affects the allocation of Chinese aid to Africa through channels such as improving the development potential,development risk,and development base of recipient countries.The dual attributes of normative choice and rational drive in China s aid allocation preferences make this emerging paradigm of international development cooperation more conducive to the“friendly symbiosis”of China-Africa development.