高原特色饮食促低氧适应的研究进展

Research Progress on Promoting Hypoxic Adaptation in Plateau Characteristic Diet

本文以高原、饮食、营养素、高海拔和低氧等为关键词,运用系统文献检索的方法,检索、筛选中国知网、PubMed、Web of Science的相关文献综述,综述了高原世居者饮食摄入情况及高原特色食物中所含营养素对适应高原缺氧环境的功能性作用,为高原人群适应低氧环境提供营养指导。世居者存在营养摄入不均衡的现象,形成了以高原特色食物为主的独特饮食结构,如青稞、酥油、牦牛奶等。青稞中富含的γ-氨基丁酸、酚类物质,酥油中富含的脂肪酸,牦牛奶中富含的维生素C、维生素E均能促进世居者低氧适应。特定营养素能促进世居者低氧适应,高原特色饮食干预可能成为促进低氧适应的对策。

In this paper,plateau,diet,nutrients,high altitude and low oxygen are used as keywords,and the method of systematic literature search is used to search and screen relevant literature reviews of China National Knowledge Network,PubMed and Web of Science.This paper summarizes the dietary intake of plateau residents and the functional effects of the nutrients contained in the plateau characteristic food on the adaptation to the plateau anoxic environment,providing nutritional guidance for the plateau population to adapt to the low oxygen environment.There is a phenomenon of unbalanced nutrition intake among the inhabitants of the world,which forms a unique diet structure mainly featuring highland food,such as highland barley,ghee,yak milk and so on.The rich gamma-aminobutyric acid and phenolic substances in highland barley,the rich fatty acids in ghee,and the rich vitamin C and vitamin E in yak milk can promote the adaptation of low oxygen in the world.Specific nutrients can promote hypoxic adaptation,and plateau diet intervention may be a countermeasure to promote hypoxic adaptation.