抗菌肽对荷斯坦公牛生产性能和血清抗氧化能力的影响

Effect of antimicrobial peptides on the productive performance and serum antioxidant capacity of Holstein bulls

为研究饲粮中添加抗菌肽对育肥期荷斯坦公牛的生产性能及血清抗氧化性能的影响,试验选取10月龄、健康且初始体重为(345.19±3.89)kg的荷斯坦公牛12头,随机分为2组。对照组(CK)饲喂基础饲粮,抗菌肽组(AP)在每头牛的基础饲粮中添加8 g·d^(-1)抗菌肽。试验期270 d,每30 d进行一次称重。试验期结束后静脉采血,测定血液生理指标和抗氧化指标,并于屠宰后测定屠宰性能、胴体性状和肌肉营养成分含量。结果表明:1)AP组的终末体重(FBW)显著高于CK组(P<0.05),料重比(F/G)显著低于CK组(P<0.05)。2)AP组的单核细胞百分比、平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度(MCHC)、总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、谷胱甘肽S-转移酶(GSH-ST)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)均显著高于CK组(P<0.05),丙二醛(MDA)和活性氧(ROS)显著低于CK组(P<0.05)。3)AP组的宰前活重、肉重、骨重、热胴体重、72 h冷胴体重和皮下脂肪覆盖率、高档肉重和优质肉重以及肌肉粗脂肪(EE)和粗蛋白(CP)含量均显著高于CK组(P<0.05),水分和粗灰分(Ash)显著低于CK组(P<0.05)。综上所述,饲粮中添加抗菌肽可以提高荷斯坦公牛的生长性能、屠宰性能和胴体性状,增强抗氧化功能,提高肌肉营养成分含量,改善肌肉品质。

We aimed to investigate the effect of adding antimicrobial peptides to the diet of Holstein bulls on their production performance and serum antioxidant properties during the fattening period.We selected 12 healthy Holstein bulls for the experiment and randomly divided them into two groups.The bulls were 10 months old and weighed(345.19±3.89)kg.The control group(CK group)was fed a basal diet,and the antimicrobial peptide group(AP group)was supplemented with 8 g·d^(−1) antimicrobial peptide in the basal diet of each bull.The test period was 270 d,and weighing was performed every 30 d.Blood was collected intravenously at the end of the experimental period to determine blood physiological and antioxidant indices.Carcass traits and muscle nutrient content were evaluated after slaughter to determine slaughter performance.The results showed that:1)The final body weight was significantly higher,and the gain-to-feed ratio was significantly lower in the AP group compared to the CK group.2)The percentage of monocytes,mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration,superoxide dismutase,catalase,glutathione peroxidase,glutathione transferase,and total antioxidant capacity increased significantly in the AP group compared to the CK group.Conversely,malondialdehyde and reactive oxygen species decreased significantly.3)Pre-slaughter live weight,meat weight,bone weight,hot carcass weight,72 h cold carcass weight and subcutaneous fat coverage,high-grade and high-quality meat weight,crude fat,and crude protein contents in the AP group were significantly higher than those in the CK group,whereas moisture and crude ash were significantly lower.In conclusion,adding antimicrobial peptides to the diet could improve the growth performance,slaughter performance,and carcass traits of Holstein bulls,enhance antioxidant function,increase the content of muscle nutrients,and improve muscle quality.