奶牛全混合日粮中添加水培小麦苗的作用效果

Effects of total mixed rations supplemented with wheat seedlings on dairy cows

为研究水培小麦(Triticum aestivum)苗对奶牛产奶量、采食量和主要生产性能测定(DHI)指标的作用效果。选择180头泌乳奶牛,根据体重、产奶量、泌乳天数,按照随机区组设计分为两组,一组为对照组,饲喂基础日粮;另一组为试验组,在基础日粮中每头每天添加1 kg新鲜水培小麦苗。基础日粮参考NRC(2001)推荐的标准配制,精粗比为50:50。结果显示:试验组比对照组产奶量提高了0.74 kg·d^(-1)(P=0.17),其中初产奶牛试验组比对照组高1.67kg·d^(-1)(P<0.05),泌乳后期奶牛试验组比对照组高1.45 kg·d^(-1)(P=0.07),有差异显著的趋势。干物质采食量平均降低0.56 kg·d^(-1)(P<0.05),乳脂肪含量降低了8.15%(P=0.06),乳中脂蛋比显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。试验结果表明,奶牛全混合日粮(TMR)中添加水培小麦苗能提高干物质采食量和降低乳中脂肪含量,提高初产奶牛产奶量。

This study aimed to investigate the effect of incorporating hydroponically grown wheat(Triticum aestivum)seedlings into the diet of dairy cows in terms of milk yield,dry matter intake,and dairy herd improvement(DHI)index.A total of 180 lactating cows were divided into two groups,namely the control and treatment groups,according to their weight,milk yield,and lactation days in a random block design.The control group was fed a basic diet,whereas the treatment group was fed the basic diet supplemented with 1 kg of fresh hydroponic wheat seedlings per head per day.The basal diet conformed to the recommendations for all nutrients specified by the National Research Council(NRC,2001)for dairy cattle.The dietary concentrate-to-forage ratio was 50꞉50.Compared with those in the control group,in the treatment group,the milk yield increased to 0.74 kg·d^(-1)(P=0.17),dry matter intake decreased to 0.56 kg·d^(-1)(P<0.05),milk fat reduced by 8.15%(P=0.06),and milk-fat-to-protein ratio decreased(P<0.05).The milk yield of primiparous dairy cows in the treatment group was higher by 1.67 kg·d^(-1)(P<0.05)than that of the control group.The milk yield of late-lactation in the treatment group was 1.45 kg·d^(-1)higher than that of the control group(P=0.07),and the treatment group tended to be higher than that of control group.The results suggested that adding wheat seedlings to the total mixed diet(TMR)of dairy cows could increase the dry matter intake,reduce the ratio of milk fat rate,and increase the milk yield of primiparous cows.