贸易便利化水平对全球价值链分工的影响研究——基于生产分割视角的分析

Impact of trade facilitation on division of labor in global value chain:an analysis based on the perspective of production fragmentation

随着对外开放水平的提升以及通信和运输成本的下降,通过生产过程分割进行跨境生产已成为可能,贸易便利化作为隐性壁垒则会对全球价值链分工产生较大影响。基于2006—2014年42个国家的投入产出数据和贸易便利化数据,在测算出各经济体全球、国内和国际生产阶段数,以及运用熵值法得到各经济体贸易便利化综合指数的基础上,实证检验贸易便利化对生产分割长度的影响效应及内在机制。研究结果表明,贸易便利化水平对各国国内生产阶段数存在显著的抑制作用,对国际生产阶段数存在显著的促进作用,也促进了全球生产阶段数的增加,且该结果具有高度的稳健性。从区分国家类型、行业类型以及贸易便利化细分指标三个方面进行异质性分析,发现贸易便利化对国内、国际和全球生产阶段数的影响程度不同,其机制主要是通过降低中间投入品价格以及提高全要素生产率来实现。

With the increase in openness to the outside world and the decrease in communication and transportation costs,cross-border production through production process fragmentation is now possible.Trade facilitation,as a hidden barrier,can significantly influence the division of labor in the global value chain.Based on input-output data and trade facilitation data from 42 countries during 2006-2014 and the number of global,domestic,and international production stages for each economy,using the entropy method to obtain the comprehensive trade facilitation index for each economy,this research empirically tests the impact and underlying mechanism of trade facilitation on production fragmentation length.The results indicate that the level of trade facilitation has a significant inhibitory effect on the number of domestic production stages in various countries,while it has a significant promoting effect on the number of international production stages.It also encourages an increase in the number of global production stages,and this result is highly robust.Through heterogeneous analysis based on country types,industry types,and disaggregated trade facilitation indicators,the study finds that the impact of trade facilitation on the number of domestic,international,and global production stages varies.Its mechanism is mainly achieved by reducing the prices of intermediate inputs and increasing total factor productivity.