煤基碳材料的制备及其在电化学储能应用的研究进展

Research on Electrochemical Energy Storage Application of Coal Based Carbon Materials

为提高电化学储能领域中煤基碳材料的应用效率,本研究旨在全面总结并比较煤基碳材料的制备技术和其在电化学储能中的实际应用。文章系统地探讨了煤基碳材料的三种主要制备技术:活化法、模板法和杂原子掺杂法,分析了各方法的制备原理、过程及其产物的特性。进一步,详细考察了采用煤作为前驱体制备的煤基无定形碳、煤基多孔碳和煤基石墨在电化学储能领域的应用现状和效果。研究结果显示,活化法、模板法和杂原子掺杂法均可成功地制备煤基碳材料,但各自具有不同的优势和限制。其中,煤基无定形碳因其高的比表面积和特殊的孔道结构表现出较好的电化学性能,特别是在超级电容器和电池应用中。并且煤基碳材料具有广阔的电化学储能应用潜力,但仍需针对特定应用优化其制备和处理工艺。以期本研究可为煤炭的清洁高效利用和新型煤衍生碳材料的开发提供了深入的理论指导和实践参考。

In order to improve the application efficiency of middling coal based carbon materials in the field of electrochemical energy stor-age,this study aims to comprehensively summarize and compare the preparation technologies of coal based carbon materials and their practical appli-cations in electrochemical energy storage.The article systematically explores three main preparation techniques for coal based carbon materials:ac-tivation method,template method,and heteroatom doping method.The preparation principles,processes,and product characteristics of each method are analyzed.Furthermore,a detailed investigation was conducted on the application status and effectiveness of coal based amorphous carbon,coal based porous carbon,and coal based graphite prepared using coal as the precursor in the field of electrochemical energy storage.The research re-sults show that activation method,template method,and heteroatom doping method can all successfully prepare coal based carbon materials,but each has different advantages and limitations.Among them,coal based amorphous carbon shows good electrochemical performance due to its high specif-ic surface area and special pore structure,especially in supercapacitor and battery applications.Moreover,coal based carbon materials have broad potential for electrochemical energy storage applications,but their preparation and treatment processes still need to be optimized for specific appli-cations.This study aims to provide in-depth theoretical guidance and practical reference for the clean and efficient utilization of coal and the develop-ment of new coal derived carbon materials.