10%氰氟草酯对‘张杂谷10号’叶片生理生化指标的影响

Effects of 10%cyhalofop-butyl on the physiological and biochemical characteristics of leaves of‘Zhangzagu 10’

为探究除草剂氰氟草酯对谷子的安全性,以‘张杂谷10号’为材料,分别设置225(1/4×)、450(1/2×)、675(3/4×)、900(1×,推荐剂量)、1800 mL/hm2(2×)5个10%氰氟草酯水乳剂的处理和对照(CK,0 mL/hm2),测定谷子的农艺性状及生理生化指标。结果表明:随喷药剂量的增加,谷子株高、叶面积、茎粗呈现下降趋势,喷药后45 d,1×、2×的株高、叶面积均显著低于CK。喷药初期,SOD、POD活性呈现先升高后降低的趋势,CAT活性呈现先下降后上升的趋势,MDA含量呈现上升趋势,随喷药时间延长,2×的SOD活性显著低于CK,POD、CAT、MDA均与CK无显著差异。喷药后5 d,1×的叶绿素a(Chla)、叶绿素b(Chlb)、类胡萝卜素(Car)、总叶绿素(Chla+b)含量显著高于CK;喷药后45 d,高浓度处理(3/4×、1×、2×)仍显著高于CK,2×的Chla、Chlb、Car、Chla+b分别比CK增加29.69%、32.66%和20.17%和30.52%。喷药后5 d,最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、PSⅡ表观光合电子传递速率(ETR)、PSⅡ实际光化学效率(Y(Ⅱ))、光化学淬灭系数(qP)均呈现先升高后下降的趋势,2×的ETR、Y(Ⅱ)显著低于CK,非光化学淬灭系数(NPQ)与CK无显著差异;喷药后45 d,2×的NPQ比CK增加19.50%。综上,‘张杂谷10号’对氰氟草酯有较强的耐受性,推荐使用900 mL/hm2应用于‘张杂谷10号’谷田生产。

In order to investigate the safety of the herbicide cyhalofop-butyl on foxtail millet,foxtail millet variety‘Zhangzagu 10’was taken as study material and 10%cyhalofop-butyl water emulsion was used as the test agent.Six different doses,which were 225(1/4×),450(1/2×),675(3/4×),900(1×,recommended dose),1800mL/hm2(2×)and control(CK,0 mL/hm2),were designed to determine the agronomic traits and physiological and biochemical indicators of foxtail millet.The results showed that:The plant height,leaf area and stem diameter of foxtail millet decreased with the increase of spraying dose,and the plant height and leaf area of 1×and 2×were significantly lower than those of CK 45dafter spraying.At the initial stage of spraying,the activities of SOD and POD increased first and then decreased,the activities of CAT decreased first and then increased,and the content of MDA increased.With the prolongation of spraying time,the activities of SOD in 2×were significantly lower than that of CK,and the activities of POD,CAT and MDA were not significantly different from that of CK.5dafter spraying,the contents of chlorophyll a(Chl a),chlorophyll b(Chl b),carotenoid(Car)and total chlorophyll(Chla+b)in 1×were significantly higher than those in CK.45dafter spraying,the contents of high concentration treatment(3/4×,1×,2×)were still significantly higher than CK.The contents of Chl a,Chl b,Car and Chla+bin 2×increased by 29.69%,32.66%,20.17%and 30.52%respectively.The maximum photochemical efficiency(Fv/Fm),the apparent photosynthetic electron transfer rate of PSII(ETR),the actual photochemical efficiency of PSII(Y(II)),and the photochemical quenching coefficient(qP)all showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing 5dafter spraying.The ETR and Y(II)of 2×were significantly lower than CK.There was no significant difference between the non-photochemical quenching coefficient(NPQ)and CK.The NPQ of 2×increased by 19.50%compared with that of CK 45dafter spraying.In summary,‘Zhangzagu 10’displays strong tolerance to cyhalofop-butyl,and it is recommended to use 900mL/hm^(2)in the field,which is safe for foxtail millet.