株距可调式葡萄苗木栽植机设计与试验

Design and experiment of a plant spacing adjustable grape seedling planting machine based on human-computer interaction

针对目前葡萄苗木栽植作业工序繁多、效率低、劳动强度大以及栽植机株距难以调节等问题,设计一种株距可调式葡萄苗木栽植机。该栽植机可根据前进速度和设置的株距值,实时调节电机转速,从而完成在不同株距下的夹苗和投苗作业;通过开沟器、镇压轮和覆土轮完成开沟、镇压和覆土作业,从而实现葡萄苗木栽植的整套工序流程。理论分析确定了苗夹、开沟器等关键部件的结构和参数,并确定了栽植株距与传动比的拟合关系,设计一套基于人机交互的株距可调式控制系统,该系统可根据人工输入的株距值,实现任意株距下精确栽植葡萄苗木。田间试验结果表明:当设定的株距值分别为200、150和100 cm时,栽植的实际株距分别为200.07、150.08和100.18 cm,对应的栽植深度合格率分别为97.67%、98.00%和97.34%,倒伏率1.33%、1.67%和1.33%,埋苗率1.00%、0.67%和1.33%,栽植深度18 cm,最大栽植频率30株/min,无漏栽、重栽、露苗和伤苗现象,机具栽植效果满足葡萄苗木栽植的作业要求和国家标准。

In response to the current problems of numerous processes,low efficiency,high labor intensity and difficulty in adjusting the planting spacing,an plant spacing adjustable grape planting machine was designed.The planting machine can adjust the motor speed in real time according to the forward speed and the set spacing value,so as to complete the work of clamping and dropping seedlings at different spacing;through the trencher,suppressing wheel and mulching wheel to complete the work of trenching,suppressing and mulching,so as to realize the whole process flow of grape seedling planting.Theoretical analysis determined that the structure and parameters of key components such as seedling clamps and openers,and the fitting relationship between planting spacing and transmission ratio.A set of human-computer interaction-based spacing adjustable control system was designed,which achieved accurate planting of grape seedlings at any spacing according to the manually inputted spacing values.The results of the field test showed that when the set spacing values were 200,150and 100cm,the actual planting spacing was 200.07,150.08and 100.18cm,and the corresponding planting depth qualification rates were 97.67%,98.00%and 97.34%,respectively,and the fall rate was 1.33%,1.67%and 1.33%,and the buried seedling rate was 1.00%,0.67%and 1.33%.Under the settings of the planting depth was 18cm,the maximum planting frequency was 30 plants per minute,there were no omissions,replanting,exposed seedlings and injured seedlings.Therefore,the planting effect of the machine met the operational requirements and national standards for grape seedling planting.