社区老年高血压患者中医体质类型调查分析

Investigation and Analysis of Traditional Chinese Medicine Constitution Types of Elderly Hypertensive Patients in Community

目的了解社区老年高血压人群中医体质特点,为防治高血压病提供依据。方法调查济南市市中区1849例65岁以上高血压病患者,根据性别、年龄、病程和体重指数(BMI)分析其与中医体质类型的关系。结果社区老年高血压患者的主要中医体质类型为痰湿质、阴虚质、气虚质和血瘀质,其中痰湿质男性显著高于女性(P<0.05),气虚质、阳虚质女性显著高于男性(P<0.05),75岁以上血瘀质患者显著高于65~74岁患者(P<0.05),病程10年以上患者中阳虚质显著高于病程10年以下者(P<0.05),痰湿质超重肥胖患者显著高于正常体质量者(P<0.05),而阴虚质体质量正常者显著高于超重肥胖患者(P<0.05)。结论老年高血压患者中医体质类型以痰湿质、阴虚质、气虚质和血瘀质为主,与年龄、性别、病程和体质指数相关。

Objective To understand the physical characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)in the elderly with hypertension in the community,and to provide evidence for the prevention and treatment of hypertension.Methods A total of 1849 hypertensive patients over 65 years old in Shizhong District of Ji'nan were investigated,and the relationship between them and TCM constitution types was analyzed according to gender,age,course of disease and body mass index(BMI).Results The main TCM constitution types of elderly hypertensive patients in the community are phlegm dampness,Yin deficiency,qi deficiency and blood stasis,Among them,the phlegm-dampness in men was significantly higher than that in women(P<0.05),the qi deficiency and yang deficiency in women was significantly higher than that in men(P<0.05),the blood stasis in patients aged 75 and above was significantly higher than that in patients aged 65 to 74(P<0.05),and the yang deficiency in patients with a disease course of more than 10 years was significantly higher than that in patients with a disease course of less than 10 years(P<0.05).The phlegm dampness quality of overweight and obese patients was significantly higher than that of normal body mass(P<0.05),while the yin deficiency quality of normal body mass was significantly higher than that of overweight and obese patients(P<0.05).Conclusion The main types of TCM constitution in elderly hypertensive patients are sputum dampness,yin deficiency,qi deficiency and blood stasis,which are related to age,gender,disease course and constitution index.