统筹推进国内法治与涉外法治视角下我国海洋自然保护的规范建构

Regulations on Chinese Marine Nature Conservation in the Context of Advancing the Rule of Law in Domestic and Foreign-related Affairs

伴随着我国自然保护地体系建设的持续推进,海洋自然保护建设也迎来了新的发展机遇与更艰巨复杂的挑战,未来应在统筹推进国内法治与涉外法治的战略背景下,对我国海洋自然保护的目标实现进行阶段、程度、时空的区分解构和规范建构。就国内法面向来看,应结合我国当前推进生态文明建设、促进生物多样性就地保护的既有成就,在整体系统观指导下促进“陆海统筹”战略在海洋自然保护领域的法律化表达。就国内法与国际法的衔接面向来看,应紧密结合我国建设“海洋强国”过程中增强软实力的诉求,在立足中国特色、维护国家主权权益的前提下对国际海洋法治先进经验进行移植。就参与国际海洋法律秩序重建、融入国际海洋法治建设的面向来看,我国应秉持共建“海洋命运共同体”之理念投身全球及区域海洋综合治理,实现从国际海洋规则的“接受者”向“制定者”的身份转变。未来,我国海洋自然保护宜紧扣“硬法”“软法”的法律制度设计与治理主体及参与模式构造的“法”与“治”两条线索,在“陆海统筹”“海洋强国”“海洋命运共同体”三重面向中循序渐进、层次分明地有效推进。

Along with the continuous construction of Chinse nature protected areas system,the conservation of marine nature has also ushered in new development opportunities and more complicated challenges.In the context of the strategy of advancing the rule of law in domestic and foreign-related affairs,it is supposed to deconstruct and reconstruct the goals of marine nature conservation in China in terms of various factors.In terms of domestic law,along with the existing achievements in promoting the eco-civilization construction and in-situ conservation of biodiversity in China,integrating the “coordinated land and marine development” into legislations from a holistic perspective is vital.In terms of the interface between domestic and international law,under the premise of safeguarding national sovereign rights and interests,it should be closely integrated with China's demand for enhancing “soft power” in the process of building a “strong maritime country”,transplanting advanced experience in international environmental law based on Chinese characteristics.In terms of participating into the international law of the sea,to realize the identity from the “receiver” to the “maker”,China should uphold the concept of building a “maritime community with a shared future” to engage in global and regional comprehensive maritime governance.In the process of realizing the goals of “coordinated land and marine development”,“strong maritime country” and “maritime community with a shared future”,it is advisable that Chinese marine nature conservation should closely follow two clues in a step-by-step and hierarchical manner.One is the legal regulation design of “hard law” and “soft law”,the other is the designation of governance subjects and participation mode structure.