创新生态系统内部耦合的区域差异及动态机制分析

Analysis of Regional Differences and Dynamic Mechanisms of Coupling within Innovation Ecosystems

培育和发展创新生态系统是创新驱动发展战略的重要内容,能为创新型国家建设提供有力支撑。已有对创新生态系统的研究主要以自然生态系统和共生原理为逻辑,忽视了创新生态主体与创新生态环境具有耦合特征的事实,且鲜有研究讨论两者的耦合协调机制,而创新生态系统内部耦合协调机制是维系整个创新生态动态平衡的基础。以社会生态系统为逻辑起点,融合自然生态系统与社会生态系统的运行特点,类比出新的创新生态系统概念,据此构建创新生态系统的指标评价体系;从耦合视角构建创新生态系统内部耦合协调模型,采用综合指标评价、耦合协调模型、Dagum基尼系数和面板向量自回归模型等方法,实证分析2007年至2018年中国创新生态系统内部耦合协调的区域差异及动态机制。研究结果表明,(1)目前创新生态主体系统和创新生态环境系统的综合发展水平普遍较低,两者的耦合协调等级大部分处于失调阶段,整体上正经历从低级向高级、从失调向协调的演化过程,在地理空间上表现出由东向西递减的阶梯型特征。(2)创新生态主体系统、创新生态环境系统和耦合协调水平的总体基尼系数的波动幅度均较小,其中,创新生态主体系统的总体基尼系数最高,其次为创新生态环境系统和耦合协调水平,而创新生态主体系统、创新生态环境系统和耦合协调水平的区域差异主要来自于组间差异。(3)东部地区的创新生态主体系统与创新生态环境系统互为格兰杰因果关系,且两者均存在独立的自我增强机制;其他各地区的创新生态主体系统与创新生态环境系统仅存在单向的格兰杰因果关系,均表现为创新生态主体系统对创新生态环境系统的促进作用。研究结果在理论上丰富了当前仅以共生视角为主的创新生态系统研究,从耦合视角拓展了创新生态系统运行机制研究,有助于加深对创新生态系统动态演化过程内在逻辑的理解,为政府及其相关机构制定政策缩小区域差异、实现区域协调发展提供指导建议。

Cultivating and developing an innovation ecosystem is an important part of an innovation-driven development strategy and may support the construction of an innovative country.However,previous studies of innovation ecosystems,which were primarily based on the theory of natural ecological system and symbiotic logic,ignored the innovation ecological actors and the ecological environment has coupling characteristics of facts,and there is little literature about both coupling coordination mechanism,coordination mechanism and internal innovation ecosystems coupling is to maintain the basis of the whole innovation ecological dynamic balance.This study takes social ecosystem as the logical starting point,combines the operation characteristics of natural ecosystem and social ecosystem,simulates the new concept of innovation ecosystems,and constructs the index evaluation system of innovation ecosystems.This study constructs a coupling coordination model within the innovation ecosystems from the perspective of coupling.Using comprehensive index evaluation,coupling coordination model,Dagum Gini coefficient and panel vector autoregression model,this study empirically analyzes the regional differences and dynamic mechanism of coupling coordination within the innovation ecosystems in China from 2007 to 2018.Our study finds that:(1) The current comprehensive development level of innovation-actor-subecosystems and innovation-environment-subecosystems is generally low,most of the coupling and coordination levels of the two are in the stage of imbalance,and the overall evolution from low-level to high-level,from imbalance to coordination the process,exhibiting a “stepped”characteristic of decreasing from east to west in geographical space.(2) The fluctuation range of the overall Gini coefficient of innovation-actor-subecosystems,innovation-environment-subecosystems,and coupling coordination level is relatively small.Among the highest is the innovation-actor-subecosystems,the overall Gini coefficient,followed by the innovation-environment-subecosystems and the coupling coordination level.In addition,it is also found that the gap between groups is the main reason for the gap between the innovation-actor-subecosystems,the innovation-environment-subecosystems,and the level of coupling coordination.(3) Only the innovation-actor-subecosystems and innovation-environment-subecosystems in the eastern region are Granger causality with each other,and both have independent self-enhancement mechanisms;while the innovation-actor-subecosystems and innovation-environment-subecosystems in other regions only have one-way the Granger causality of both shows that the the innovation-actor-subecosystems the innovation-environment-subecosystems.This study theoretically enriches the current study on innovation ecosystems that only focus on symbiosis and expands the study on the operating mechanisms of innovation ecosystems from a coupling perspective.It helps to deepen the understanding of the internal logic of the dynamic evolution of innovation ecosystems,to provide guidance and suggestions for the government and related agencies to formulate policies to narrow regional gaps and achieve coordinated regional development.