企业数字化转型的制度动因及过程

The institutional motivation and process of digital transformation of enterprises

研究以制度理论和组织认知为视角,针对企业制造过程数字化和商业模式数字化两种数字化转型响应,讨论其制度动因及过程。基于“制度环境-组织认知-数字化转型”的理论路径,以287家制造企业数字化转型调研数据为样本,采用结构方程模型检验制度压力(规制、认知和规范)、组织认知(紧迫性认知和可管理性认知)对企业数字化转型的影响。结果发现:第一,不同的制度压力对两类数字化转型的影响程度各不相同。制造过程数字化更多的是针对规范压力响应,商业模式数字化更多的是针对认知压力响应,而源于政府的规制制度并未作为首要制度压力得到两种数字化转型方式的响应,说明企业数字化转型更多的基于市场合法性要求,而不是响应政府制度诉求。第二,制造过程数字化和商业模式数字化过程中,组织认知在制度压力与企业数字化转型响应之间起中介作用。研究结论丰富了企业数字化转型响应的过程机制研究,为我国制造企业进行数字化转型提供了理论指导和政策建议。

The 14th Five-Year Plan of China calls for accelerating digital development,building a digital China,giving full play to the advantages of massive data and rich application scenarios,promoting the deep integration of digital technology with the real economy,and enabling the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries.As an important social technological and institutional phenomenon,digital transformation is gradually becoming an important starting point for the innovative development mode of global enterprises.At present,China′s manufacturing industry is facing great pressure.Faced with this dilemma,how to give full play to and release the institutional advantages of socialism with Chinese characteristics,integrate government and market resources,use digital and information technology,and concentrate on promoting the digital transformation of manufacturing industry has become the core issue of common concern of politics and industry.At present,how institutional pressures affect the process mechanism of enterprises′ response to digital transformation needs further research and discussion.From the perspective of institutional theory and organizational cognition,this paper discussed the institutional motivation and process of digital transformation of manufacturing and digital transformation of business model.Based on the theoretical path of "institutional environment-organizational cognition-digital transformation",this paper used the structural equation model to test the influence of institutional pressures(regulation,cognition and norm) and organizational cognition(urgency and manageability cognition) on enterprise digital transformation with data from 287 manufacturing enterprises.The results showed that:firstly,different institutional pressures have different impacts on the two types of digital transformation.The digital transformation of manufacturing is more response to normative pressure,and the digital transformation of business model is more response to cognitive pressure,while the regulative pressure from the government is not the primary institutional pressure to be responded by the two digital transformation modes,indicating that the digital transformation of enterprises is more based on the requirements of market legitimacy,rather than responding to the demands of government system.Secondly,in the process of digital transformation of manufacturing and digital transformation of business model,organizational cognition plays a mediating role between institutional pressure and enterprise digitalization response.The research results will enrich the research on the process mechanism of enterprises′ response to digital transformation,and provide theoretical guidance and policy suggestions for China′s manufacturing enterprises to carry out digital transformation.The theoretical contribution of this paper lies in three aspects:First,based on the institutional theory and starting from the "government-market" dual institutional context,this paper found that enterprises will have different responses to digital transformation when facing institutional pressures from different sources of government and market,and extends the relevant research on institutional theory and corporate strategic response.Second,from the perspective of organizational cognition,this paper focused on the process of organizational evaluation of strategic issues,and discussed how urgency cognition and manageability cognition deconstruct the "black box" of the influence process of institutional environment on enterprises′ response to digital transformation.Third,the research on digital transformation of enterprises can be divided into digital transformation of manufacturing and digital transformation of business model.It is considered that the digital transformation of enterprises will not only increase the use of digital technology in enterprises,but also include the integration and cross-application of digital technology in company products and services,internal and external activities,which will expand the existing research based on the coupling perspective of "technology-market" and enrich the research results of digital transformation of enterprises.