格点量子色动力学与高精度原子光谱学

Lattice quantum chromodynamics and high-precision atomic spectroscopy

格点量子色动力学(Lattice Quantum Chromodynamics,QCD)作为目前已知的最系统地研究非微扰强相互作用的方法,在高能物理和核物理前沿起着不可或缺的作用.随着格点计算精度的提高和研究方法的突破,格点QCD的研究前沿大为拓展,一些新的交叉领域开始出现.其中一个重要的领域是原子光谱学.随着原子光谱学观测量精度的不断提高,核子结构相关的强相互作用效应需要被考虑,其中双光子交换导致的修正尤为重要,并且在近期受到理论和实验学界的广泛关注.本文简要介绍了格点QCD的方法和原子光谱学中的两个重要观测量:兰姆位移和超精细劈裂,以及双光子交换对它们产生的修正,进而展示格点QCD理论方法在这一领域的最新进展以及将来可能产生的重要影响.

Lattice quantum chromodynamics(lattice QCD)provides a well-established approach to studying strong nonperturbative interactions.It plays an indispensable role in the frontiers of high-energy and nuclear physics.With the improvement in the precision of lattice QCD calculations and the development of theoretical methods,the frontier of lattice QCD has been greatly expanded,and some new interdisciplinary fields have emerged.An important field is atomic spectroscopy.With the increasing accuracy of the observables in atomic spectroscopy,the hadronic effects related to the nucleon structure must be considered,among which the two-photon exchange corrections are particularly important and have recently received much theoretical and experimental attention.This paper briefly introduces the lattice QCD approach and two important observables in atomic spectroscopy:the Lamb shift and hyperfine splitting,as well as their two-photon exchange corrections.We then report the recent progress of the lattice QCD study in this field and discuss the important impact it may have.