植食性昆虫对植物的反防御机制研究进展

Research Progress in the Counter-defenses Mechanisms of Herbivorous Insects Against Plant Defenses

植物和植食性昆虫在长期的协同进化中形成复杂的防御和反防御机制。为应对植食性昆虫的取食,植物进化出组成型和诱导型等防御策略。相对于植物的防御,植食性昆虫在利用和适应寄主植物过程中,也进化出复杂的反防御机制。植食性昆虫可以利用唾液中的效应子干扰或者抑制寄主植物的防御反应,依靠解毒酶体系分解代谢源自植物的有毒物质,通过携带共生微生物间接抑制植物的抗虫防御反应,借助水平基因转移从细菌和植物等供体中获得相关功能基因以提高自身适合度,利用或者操控寄主植物挥发物等多种方式实现对寄主植物的反防御。此外,一些植食性昆虫还可以通过逃避、选贮和产卵等方式来抑制植物防御反应。解析植食性昆虫对植物的反防御机制,有助于深入理解植物-植食性昆虫协同进化关系,并为制定害虫防治措施提供新的思路。

Plants and phytophagous insects have developed intricate long-term co-evolution.To combat herbivorous insect,the plants evolved constitutive and inducible defense strategies.For the plant’s defense,the herbivorous insects have also developed the sophisticated anti-defense mechanisms to exploit and adapt to host plants.These include the use of effector molecules saliva to interfere with or inhibit the host plant’s defense response,reliance on detoxification enzymes to break down toxic substances from plants,indirect inhibition of plant anti-insect defenses by carrying symbiotic microorganisms,acquisition of functional genes from bacteria and other donors via horizontal gene transfer to enhance their own fitness,as well as utilization or manipulation of volatile compounds emitted by host plants for anti-defense purposes.Additionally,some herbivorous insects defense through escape behavior,storage tactics,and oviposition strategies.Analyzing the anti-defense mechanisms employed by phytophagous insects against plants is crucial for a deeper understanding of their co-evolutionary relationship with plants and provides novel insights for the development of pest control measures.