电力机车冷却塔噪声测试及其分析

Test and Analysis of the Noise from Cooling Tower of Electric Locomotive

为了研究电力机车冷却塔表面的噪声分布和噪声源,介绍冷却塔组成和工作原理,以及声强测试方法。采用声强测试方法,在冷却塔电机稳定工作状态下,在冷却塔表面测试噪声,并利用测试结果分析噪声在冷却塔表面的分布和频谱。结果表明,在冷却塔各表面测得的噪声中,顶面噪声声功率级最大,为109.6 dB(A);冷却塔风机产生的噪声占比最大,达到92.5%;噪声出现峰值时,对应的频率为498 Hz和498 Hz的整数倍。经分析可得,冷却塔噪声主要能量来源于风机。这为冷却塔噪声优化控制提供参考。

In order to study the noise distribution and noise source on the surface of the cooling tower of electric loco⁃motive,the composition and working principle of the cooling tower and the testing method of sound intensity are intro⁃duced.The sound intensity test method is used to test the noise on the surface of cooling tower when the motor is work⁃ing stably,and the distribution and spectrum of the noise on the surface of cooling tower are analyzed by using the test results.The results show that the top noise has the highest sound power level,which is 109.6 dB(A);the noise ratio generated by cooling tower fan is the largest,reaching 92.5%;the frequency corresponding to the peak noise is 498 Hz and an integer multiple of 498 Hz when the noise spikes.The analysis shows that the main energy of cooling tower noise comes from the fan.This provides a reference for the cooling tower noise optimization control.