唐钞本《文选集注》所见西晋时期南北士人的文化冲突——兼论陆机的悲剧命运

The Cultural Conflicts Between the Northern and Southern Scholars in the Western Jin Dynasty Seen in the Tang Chao Wen Xuan Ji Zhu-A Concurrent Discussion of the Tragic Fate of Lu Ji

“太康之英”陆机在洛阳被杀,是中古史上南北士人冲突中的一个典型事件。日本新发现文献唐钞本《文选集注》,为研究西晋时期南北士人的文化冲突提供了一个更加宏阔的视角和丰富的历史细节:《三都赋序》注揭橥“三国争统”的文化背景,有助于明晰吴人陆机在出仕西晋之前的文化心态,此为探讨西晋时期南北士人文化冲突的一个起点;潘岳《为贾谧作赠陆机一首》及陆机《答贾长渊一首》诗注,记录并诠释了西晋时期南北士人在融合中的文化冲突点;陆机诗注中的“时网”,则启引探索入洛仕晋对陆机的诱惑与捆束。由此可知,南人陆机携带着三国争统的余绪入晋,其思维在本质上还停留在东吴时期对历史、文化的建构和认知上;面对大一统的西晋王朝中原士人的文化认知和历史叙事,交锋已在所难免;他与中原士人的一系列龃龉与缠绕,最终导致其悲剧命运。从表层看,陆机的悲剧命运固然与其兀傲的个性有关,而深层次的因素乃在于他和中原士人在文化理念上的激烈冲突。

The murder of“Taikang Zhiying”Lu Ji in Luoyang was a typical event in the conflict between the northern and southern scholars in the medieval history.The newly discovered literature“Tang Chao Wen Xuan Ji Zhu”in Japan provides a broader perspective and rich historical details for the study of the cultural conflicts between the northern and southern scholars in the Western Jin Dynasty:The“Preface to the Three Capitals”note reveals the cultural background of the“Three Kingdoms”and helps to clarify the cultural mentality of Lu Ji before he became an official in the Western Jin Dynasty.This is a starting point for exploring the cultural conflicts between the northern and southern scholars in the Western Jin Dynasty;pan Yue’s“a poem for Jia Mi as a gift to Lu Ji”and Lu Ji’s“a poem for Jia Changyuan”record and interpret the cultural conflicts between the northern and southern scholars in the integration of the Western Jin Dynasty;the‘time net’in the annotation of Lu Ji’s poems enlightens us to explore the temptation and restraint of Lu Ji in Luoyang.It can be seen from this that Lu Ji,a southerner,entered the Jin Dynasty with the remnants of the competitive orthodoxy of the Three Kingdoms period.His thinking essentially remained in the construction and cognition of history and culture in the Eastern Wu period.In the face of the cultural cognition and historical narrative of the Central Plains scholars in the unified Western Jin Dynasty,the confrontation was inevitable.A series of discords and entanglements between him and the Central Plains scholars eventually led to his tragic fate.On the surface,Lu Ji’s tragic fate is certainly related to his arrogant personality,but the deep-seated factor is the fierce conflict between him and the Central Plains scholars in cultural concepts.