电信网络诈骗涉案资金处置机制的反思与优化

Reflection and Optimization of Fund Disposal Mechanism Involved in Telecom Network Fraud

《反电信网络诈骗法》的颁布为涉诈资金处置机制的法制化建构提供了新的逻辑起点,但现行机制存在涉诈资金查控准确性不足、相关主体权利保障不足的缺陷。究其原因,在于现有立法适用性不足、现有规范在形式方面位阶较低、规范内容存在缺失。涉诈资金处置措施的设定和实施应遵循法律保留原则、正当程序原则和比例原则,冻结资金的返还应遵循民法上的资金权属与返还请求权优先规则。该机制的完善可从以下三方面着手:完善涉诈资金处置措施启动条件和解除程序,强化权利主体的程序参与和权利保障,构建科学规范的涉诈资金返还规则。

The promulgation of Anti-Telecom Network Fraud Law provides a new logical starting point for the legal construction of the mechanism for the disposal of fraudulent funds,but the current mechanism has the defects of insuffi cient accuracy in the investigation and control of fraudulent funds and insufficient protection of the rights of related subjects.The reason are the insufficient applicabilli-ty of the existing legislation,the low level of the existing norms in terms of form and the lack of the content of the norms.The establishment and implementation of the disposal measures of fraudulent funds should follow the principles of legal reservation,due process and proportionality,and the retum of frozen funds should follow the priority rules of capital ownership and return claims in civil law.The improvement of the mechanism can be carried out from the following three aspects:improving the starting conditions and lifting procedures of the disposal measures of fraudulent funds,strengthening the procedural participation and right protection of the subject of rights,and building scientific and standardized rules for the return of fraudulent funds.