额尔古纳地区牧草生长发育特征与气象要素的关系

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HERBAGE GROWTH AND METEOROLOGICAL FACTORS IN ERGUNA REGION

利用内蒙古额尔古纳市气象局2005~2020年5~9月全生育期的地面气象观测资料和牧草观测资料,分析了近16 a牧草高度、盖度、生物量变化特征及与气象要素的相关关系。结果表明:牧草生长季5~9月气温、降水量、相对湿度呈上升趋势,日照时数呈显著下降趋势;牧草高度、盖度、生物量的年际变化均呈下降趋势,牧草高度、盖度下降速率分别为8.5cm/10 a和10.0%/10 a,生物量以每年4.2 kg/ha速率下降;牧草高度月变化规律5~6月牧草长势较快,6~7月长势稍弱,7~8月变化不明显;牧草盖度均呈增加趋势;生长季牧草高度、盖度与同期降水量、相对湿度、日照时数呈正相关,与气温呈负相关;牧草生物量与降水量、相对湿度呈正相关,与气温、日照时数呈负相关。牧草高度受气象要素影响不明显,牧草盖度受气温、降水量、日照时数影响较明显,气温、降水量以及空气湿度对牧草产量的影响最显著。

Using ground meteorological observation data and forage observation data from the meteorological bureau of Erguna City,Inner Mongolia from May to September between 2005 to 2020,the characteristics of forage height,coverage,biomass changes and their correlation with meteorological factors in the past 16 years were analyzed.The results showed that the temperature,precipitation,and relative humidity showed an upward trend from May to September during the forage growing season,while the sunshine hours showed a significant downward trend;The height,coverage,and biomass of forage showed a Interannual variation decreasing trend,with a decreasing rate of 8.5 cm/10 a and 10.0%/10 a respectively.The biomass decreased at a rate of 4.2 kg/ha per year;The monthly variation pattern of forage height is as follows:from May to June,the growth of forage is faster,from June to July,it is slightly weaker,and the change is not significant from July to August;The coverage of forage shows an increasing trend;The height and coverage of forage during the growing season are positively correlated with precipitation,relative humidity,and sunshine hours during the same period,while negatively correlated with temperature;The biomass of herbage is positively correlated with precipitation and relative humidity,while negatively correlated with temperature and sunshine hours.The height of forage is not significantly affected by meteorological factors,while the coverage of forage is more significantly affected by temperature,precipitation,and sunshine hours.Temperature,precipitation,and air humidity have the most significant impact on forage yield.