5岁幼儿执行功能对社会技能的影响:语言能力的中介作用

The Impact of Executive Functioning on Social Skills in 5-year-olds:The Mediating Role of Language Skills

目的:考察5岁幼儿执行功能对社会技能的影响,并探究语言能力在二者之间的作用。方法:采用头脚膝肩、数字倒背、柯西组块、维度卡片任务测查155名幼儿的执行功能,在一年后测查幼儿的接受性语言和表达性语言能力,并由教师评价幼儿的社会技能。结果:抑制控制与语言能力、人际技能、自我控制显著正相关;认知灵活性与语言能力、人际技能、口头主张显著正相关;言语工作记忆与接受性语言显著正相关;空间工作记忆和接受性语言、社会技能显著正相关;语言能力与社会技能各维度显著正相关。结构方程模型分析结果显示:幼儿执行功能对社会技能的直接效应不显著,接受性语言在执行功能和社会技能间的中介效应显著,表达性语言在二者间的中介效应不显著。结论:幼儿执行功能主要通过提高接受性语言能力促进社会技能的发展。

Objective:To explore the effects of executive functions on social skills,and to test the mediating role of language ability between them in 5 years old children.Methods:155 children were tested by the Head-Toes-Knees-Shoulder task,the Backwards Digit task,the Corsi Block-tapping test and the Dimensional Change Card task to measure children's executive function.After one year,their receptive and expressive language ability were measured.The children's social skills were evaluated by preschool teachers.Results:Inhibitory control was positively correlated with language ability,interpersonal skills and self-control.Cognitive flexibility was positively correlated with language ability,interpersonal skills and oral assertion.Verbal working memory was positively correlated with receptive language.Spatial working memory was positively correlated with receptive language and social skills.There was a significant positive correlation between language ability and social skills.Structural equation model analysis showed that the direct effect of executive function on social skills was not significant,the mediating effect of receptive language between executive function and social skills was significant,and the mediating effect of expressive language between them was not significant.Conclusion:Children's executive function promotes the development of social skills mainly by improving receptive language ability.