共同生产视角下生活垃圾分类效果评价与政策驱动路径——基于中国中东部地区19个城市的模糊集定性比较分析

Evaluation of household waste sorting effectiveness and policy‑driven path from the perspective of co‑production:a fuzzy‑set qualitative comparative analysis of 19 cities in China’s central and eastern regions

现有研究大多使用生活垃圾处理效率来衡量生活垃圾分类效果,尚缺乏公众参与视角下的生活垃圾分类效果评价。该研究基于共同生产理论对生活垃圾分类效果进行评价,将垃圾分类共同生产效果划分为高低不等的4个档次,并提出公民侧与政府侧的6个政策驱动因素,应用模糊集定性比较分析方法,分析中国中东部地区19个城市生活垃圾分类案例,剖析政策因素的必要性并探索高水平的垃圾分类共同生产效果的政策因素组合路径。研究表明:①在单因素层面,对公众进行“物质奖励”与“精神引导”,以及政府“绩效考核”与“提升公信力”,是实现高水平垃圾分类共同生产的必要政策驱动因素。②实现最强的垃圾分类共同生产需要综合调用政府侧和公民侧两方的政策措施,即4个必要政策驱动因素缺一不可。当缺少一个必要政策因素时,“强”共同生产就会转化为低一档的“较强”共同生产。③公民侧的强制与惩罚,以及政府侧的财政压力,对于实现“强”共同生产具有积极作用,且存在替代关系。该研究在理论上弥补了垃圾分类效果的评价机制,在实践层面有助于中国地方政府制定有效的政策措施促进公民积极参与垃圾分类,实现国家倡导的“政府推动,全民参与”垃圾分类情景。

Most existing studies use household waste disposal efficiency to measure the effectiveness of household waste sorting,and there is a lack of effectiveness evaluation from the perspective of public participation.This study evaluated household waste sorting effectiveness based on the co-production theory,classified the waste sorting co-production effect into four grades,and proposed six policy drivers on the citizen side and government side.Using the fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis method,the study analyzed 19 cases of urban household waste sorting in central and eastern China,analyzed the necessity of policy factors,and explored the combination path of policy-driven factors for high-level waste sorting co-production.The results showed that,at the single-factor level,‘material rewards’and‘moral guidance’for the public,as well as‘performance evaluation’and‘credibility enhancement’for the government,were necessary policy drivers to achieve high-level waste sorting co-production.In addition,achieving the strongest waste sorting co-production required a combination of necessary policy measures on both the government side and the citizen side,i.e.,the four necessary policy drivers were needed.When one of the necessary policy drivers was missing,‘strong’co-production was transformed into‘less strong’co-production.In addition,forceful measures and punishment on the citizen side and financial pressure on the government side had positive effects on achieving‘strong’co-production,and there were alternative relationships.This paper makes up for the theoretical evaluation mechanism of waste sorting effectiveness,and at the practical level,the findings of this study are helpful for local governments in China to develop effective policies and measures to promote active participation of citizens in waste sorting,and to realize the‘government-led,citizen-participatory’waste classification paradigm advocated by the nation.