普通高等学校本科教育教学审核评估:困境、原因及解困——政治锦标赛理论的视角

Review and Evaluation of Undergraduate Education:Dilemmas,Causes and Solutions——from the Perspective of Political Tournament Theory

从1985年国家开始探索对本科教育进行评估,到2021年发展为教育教学审核评估,30多年来评估对推动我国高等教育发展发挥着巨大作用,同时,也有一些负面影响。政治锦标赛理论作为一种本土理论,在研究我国经济社会各种现象时体现了很强的解释力。用该理论解释本科教育教学审核评估中存在的困境及原因,提出解困途径有一定的适切性。从该理论的视角看,普通高等学校本科教育教学审核评估作为“锦标”,可能会造成部分高校拔高办学定位,本科地位不太稳固,导致人才培养中心地位不能全面落实。为解决本科教育教学审核评估中出现的困境,提出通过对高等教育科学分类,引导普通高等学校准确定位;保持评估政策的稳定性,引导大部分普通高等学校坚持“以本为本”;引导普通高等学校理性认识评估,巩固人才培养中心地位等途径。

In 1985,our country began to explore the evaluation of undergraduate education,which has developed into systematical review and evaluation of higher education by 2021.In the past three decades,the evaluation has played a significant role in promoting the development of higher education in China.On the other hand,some negative impacts can't be neglected.As a local theory,Political Tournament Theory has strong explanatory power in studying various economic and social phenomena in China.It is of certain applicability and urgency to use this theory to explain the difficulties and causes existing in the review and evaluation of undergraduate education,and to find solutions to these difficulties.According to this theory,the review and evaluation of undergraduate education and teaching as a“tournament”may motivate some universities to elevate their educational positioning,the status of undergraduate education in higher education will be undermined,the role of universities as the center for talent cultivation will fail.To solve these problems,higher education should be scientifically classified so that colleges and universities can adapt to scientific positioning;the evaluation policy should remain stable to make sure most colleges and universities adhere to their central role in undergraduate education;colleges and universities should be guided for rational understanding about the review and evaluation,so as to consolidate their central role as the center of talent cultivation.