“五个认同”视域下统编小学语文教科书的内容特征与教学路径

The Content Characteristics and Teaching Path of Primary School Chinese Textbooks under the Perspective of"Five Identities"

统编语文教材具有工具性、人文性,是开展“五个认同”教育的重要载体。通过包含5个类目(伟大祖国认同、中华民族认同、中华文化认同、中国共产党认同及中国特色社会主义认同)和13个次类目的教材分析框架,运用内容分析法对统编版小学语文教科书中“五个认同”的教育内容进行系统梳理和分析。研究发现,小学语文教科书中伟大祖国认同侧重对祖国领土意识的呈现,中华民族认同突出民族团结精神,中华文化认同偏重优秀传统文化的传承,中国共产党认同及中国特色社会主义认同注重党史的学习;教科书中尤为重视中华文化认同且教育内容随年级增长而增多,且“五个认同”教育内容依托课文和栏目系统的相互协调,从而提高教育实效。教师在教学过程中应提升相关素养,关注教科书隐含的“五个认同”教育内容,关注课文及栏目系统功能,并结合“识字和写字”“阅读”“写作”“口语交际”“综合性学习”等板块拓展课程资源,在认知、情感和行为上全面促进学生的“五个认同”素养。

The unified Chinese teaching materials are instrumental and humanistic,and are an important carrier for the education on"five identities".Through textbook analysis framework including five categories(the great motherland identity,the Chinese national identity,the Chinese cultural identity,the communist party of China and socialism with Chinese characteristics)and 13 secondary categories,the article adopts the content analysis method to systematically sort out and analyze the educational content of"five identities"in the unified primary school Chinese textbook.The study found that in primary school Chinese textbooks,the great motherland identity focuses on the presentation of the territorial consciousness of the motherland,the Chinese national identity highlights the spirit of national unity,the Chinese cultural identity focuses on the inheritance of excellent traditional culture,the Communist Party of China and the identity of socialism with Chinese characteristics attach importance to the study of party history.In textbooks,special attention is paid to Chinese cultural identity and the educational content enhances in higher grades.The educational content of"five identities"relies on the coordination of text and column system,so as to improve the effectiveness of education.In the teaching process,teachers should improve relevant literacy,pay attention to the five identification education contents implied in textbooks,pay attention to the text and column system functions.The article also proposes to comprehensively promote students'"five identity"quality in terms of cognition,emotion and behavior through expanding course resources while combining"literacy and writing","reading","oral communication","comprehensive learning"and other sections.