农产品中主要真菌毒素微生物及微生物酶解毒研究与发展趋势

Study and Development Trends on Microbial Detoxification of Major Mycotoxins in Agricultural Products

真菌毒素是一类丝状真菌次级代谢产物,为高毒性天然污染物,在农产品生产和贮运过程中难以完全消除,污染率高、危害性大,已成为农产品安全主要风险因子之一。农产品中主要真菌毒素生物解毒研究对污染原料再利用、动物健康养殖和食品安全具有重要意义。研究表明,微生物菌株或微生物酶对真菌毒素可进行高效地降解转化或生物吸附。近十年,主要真菌毒素生物解毒研究已逐渐成为真菌毒素污染控制领域的关注重点,但关于生物降解机制的研究仍处于初步发展阶段,很多微生物菌种的降解转化机制仍不清楚。本文将从农产品中主要真菌毒素生物降解菌种、生物解毒酶及作用方式等方面进行总结,以期为生物解毒深入研究及产业化技术发展提供思路。

Mycotoxins are a group of secondary metabolites produced by filamentous fungi,which are highly toxic natural pollutants.Because,they are very difficult to eliminate in the process of agricultural production,high contamination rate and significant harmful,mycotoxins have been considered as the critical risk factor in food safety management.Mycotoxins biodetoxification in agricultural products is of great significance for contaminated raw materials recycling,animals'healthy breeding and food safety.Previous studies have shown that microbial strains or microbial enzymes can efficiently remove mycotoxins by degradation,transformation or adsorbtion.In recent ten years,biodetoxification study on major mycotoxins has gradually become a hotspot in the areas of mycotoxin prevention and contamination control.However,the study on biodegradation mechanisms are still in the preliminary stage and the mechanisms of degradation and transformation of various microbial strains are unclear.Here,we summarized the mycotoxins biodegradation strains,detoxification enzymes and their detoxification manners in agricultural products,and we try to provide some thoughts for the further investigations on biodetoxification and the development of industrial application.