AHL类似物作为细菌群体感应系统促进剂的研究进展

Advance in AHL Analogues as an Agonist of Bacterial Quorum Sensing System

应用N-酰基高丝氨酸内酯(N-acyl-L-homoserine lactones,AHL)介导的群体感应(quorum sensing,QS)系统调控生物膜形成和次级代谢物合成具有巨大的商业价值,但自然界中许多微生物能够产生群体淬灭(Quorum Quenching,QQ)酶,QQ酶能够降解天然AHL信号分子,使外源天然AHL信号分子的半衰期缩短,限制了天然AHL信号分子的应用范围。化学合成的AHL类似物作为QS促进剂,通过与天然信号分子类似的结合方式形成转录二聚体,激活下游基因表达,但与天然AHL信号分子相比,化学合成的QS促进剂具有活性高、半衰期长等优点。本文综述了化学合成AHL类似物的设计思路、种类、作用机制及其在提高次级代谢物产量和生物浸矿方面的应用,并讨论了QS促进剂今后主要的研究方向,以期为QS促进剂的合成设计和实际应用提供参考。

Application of N-acyl-l-homoserine lactones(AHL)-mediated quorum sensing(QS)system to regulate biofilm formation and secondary metabolite synthesis has great commercial value.However,many microorganisms in nature have quorum quenching(QQ)enzymes,which can degrade natural AHL signal molecules,shorten the half-life of exogenous natural AHL signal molecules,and limit the application range of natural AHL signal molecules.Chemical synthesis AHL analogues,as QS agonists,form transcriptional dimers in a similar way to natural signal molecules and activate downstream gene expression,however,as compared with natural AHL signal molecules,chemically synthesized QS agonists have the advantages of high activity and long half-life.This review expounds the design idea,types and action mechanism of QS agonists,as well as the application of QS agonists on increasing secondary metabolite production and regulating microorganisms in bioleaching are summarized.The main research directions of QS agonists in the future were also discussed,so as to provide reference for the synthetic design and practical application of QS agonists.