工业遗产视角下公司镇的发展与启示

The Development and Enlightenment of Company Town from the Perspective of Industrial Heritage

公司镇集工厂、住房、道路、商店、公园等于一体,随工业革命成果的传播从英国蔓延至世界其他国家。罗伯特·欧文在新拉纳克的管理实践开创了兼顾工厂生产和社会治理的新模式;英国的索尔泰尔公司镇留下了大量的物质和非物质遗产;芝加哥近郊的普尔曼镇是美国最具代表性的公司镇。在20世纪的百年里,大量军事工业以隐秘的公司镇的形式为国家承担着特殊的任务。公司镇见证了人类探索工业生产与城市生活的伟大构想和实践,是工业遗产中极具特色的类型,对于理解、治理工业城市和工业区具有重要启发意义。研究从公司镇历史起源入手,通过对3个具有代表意义的早期公司镇的梳理,提出公司镇保护的若干思考,以期进一步丰富中国工业遗产保护与再利用研究。

The company town integrates factories,housing,roads,shops,and parks,spreading from the UK to other countries around the world with the spread of the achievements of the Industrial Revolution.Robert Owen's management practice in New Lanark has created a new mode of giving consideration to both factory production and social governance,which has become the beginning of the formation of the corporate town;Saltaire Company Town in England has left a lot of material and intangible heritage;Pullman Town,located on the outskirts of Chicago,is the most representative of many corporate towns in the United States.In the 2Oth century,a large number of military industries continued to spread in the form of hidden corporate towns,undertaking special tasks for the country.The company town has witnessed the great idea and exploration practice of human exploration of industrial production and urban life.It is a ditinctive type of industrial heritage and has important enlightenment significance for us to understand and manage industrial city and industrial parks.Starting from the historical origins of company towns,this study traces and sorts out three representative early company towns,and proposes several considerations for the protection of company towns,in order to further enrich the research work on the protection and reuse of industrial heritage in China.