不同社会参与模式老年人的认知衰弱差异

A comparative study of differences in cognitive frailty in older adults with different social participation patterns

目的了解老年人认知衰弱现状,并探究不同社会参与模式老年人认知衰弱的差异和影响因素。方法利用2018年中国老年人健康影响因素跟踪调查数据,应用多因素非条件logistic回归分析模型和Fairlie分解法对老年人认知衰弱情况进行分析。结果7772名老年人中群体交往型老年人认知衰弱患病率为5.83%,自我消遣型老年人的认知衰弱患病率为21.53%,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=426.10,P<0.001)。多因素logistic回归分析模型分析结果显示,低龄、有教育背景、有配偶、较好的经济条件、饮酒、锻炼和有家庭支持是认知衰弱的保护因素。Fairlie分解结果显示,两种社会参与模式的健康差异中55.63%的部分是可由观测因素解释的,而44.37%的健康差异是两种模式本身造成的。结论群体交往型老年人认知衰弱情况好于自我消遣型老年人,应鼓励高龄老年人积极参与群体社会活动,加强锻炼,缩小健康差异。

Objective To understand the current status of cognitive frailty in older adults,investigating the divergence in cognitive frailty and its contributing factors across various patterns of social participation.Methods Utilizing the 2018 Chinese longitudinal healthy longevity survey,we performed a multi-factor stepwise forward logistic regression analysis and Fairlie decomposition to discern the status of cognitive frailty in older adults.Results The prevalence of cognitive frailty among the 7772 older adults was 5.83%for the group interaction type and 21.53%for the self-pastime type,with a statistically significant difference(χ^(2)=426.10,P<0.001).Multifactorial logistic regression results showed that low age,having an educational background,having a spouse,better economic conditions,alcohol drinking,exercising and having family support were protective factors for cognitive frailty.Fairlie decomposition results showed that 55.63%of the health differences between the two social participation patterns were explainable by observed factors,while 44.37%of the health differences were caused by the two patterns themselves.Conclusions The cognitive frailty status was better in group-interactive older adults than in self-pastime older adults.To mitigate health disparities,it is recommended that older adults are encouraged to actively engage in social activities and maintain regular exercise.