从禹会村遗址出土动物遗存的分析看双墩文化时期的生业经济

Examination of Livelihood and Economy in Shuangdun Culture Period Based upon Analysis of Animals Remains Excavated at Yuhuicun Site

本文对禹会村遗址出土的双墩文化时期的动物骨骼,开展种属鉴定、量化统计等工作,试图探讨该遗址动物群的组成和结构。对出土的猪骨进行骨骼部位发现率、年龄结构、性别比例等进行研究,并对比地层和灰坑出土猪骨在诸方面的异同,以全面探讨该遗址对猪的利用。禹会村遗址有着种类丰富的动物遗存,其中以猪和鹿的数量和所占最高;猪群的组成较为复杂,但整体反映了遗址居民对其肉食资源的利用。虽然禹会村遗址的部分灰坑中有埋藏猪头骨的现象,但对比分析显示,发现于灰坑和地层的猪的骨骼部位在发现率等方面并不存在显著性差异。禹会村遗址的动物考古个案研究,极大地丰富了对双墩文化时期生业活动的认识。

In this article,species identification,quantitative statistical analysis and other research work have been carried out to examine animals remains of Shuangdun Culture period that have been excavated at Yuhuicun Site,in the hope of exploring the composition and structure of the fauna that once existed here.In the study of unearthed pig bones,which is targeted at a comprehensive understanding of the utilisation of pigs at Yuhuicun Site,the discovery rate of different bone parts,the age structure,the sex ratio and other issues are analyzed,and pig bones unearthed from the stratified deposit and those from the ash pits have been compared to pin down their similarities and differences in multiple aspects.A wide variety of animals remains have been discovered at Yuhuicun Site,with remains of pigs and deer outnumbering the others and taking up the highest proportion.Although complicated,the composition of the pig herd still generally reflects the utilization of meat resources by inhabitants who once lived at Yuhuicun Site.Skulls of pigs have been found buried in some ash pits at Yuhuicun Site.But results of comparative analyses show that,in terms of the discovery rate,there is no significant difference between the pig bones stashed in the ash pits and those found in the stratified deposit.The zooarchaeological case study of Yuhuicun Site has greatly deepened the understanding of the livelihood and production in Shuangdun Culture period.