电力电子器件在柔性直流输电中的应用与发展

Application and development of power electronic devices in VSC-HVDC transmission system

柔性直流输电是以新能源为主体的新型电力系统的核心技术,具有有功无功独立控制、响应快速灵活、扩展性强、无换相失败等优点,广泛应用于新能源送出、异步电网互联、孤岛供电和远距离大容量输电等场景。电力电子器件在柔性直流输电中起着交直流变换的重要作用,目前国内外的柔性直流输电工程普遍采用3.3 kV和4.5 kV等级的功率器件(IGBT),为满足“双碳”目标下大型新能源远距离大容量直流输电送出工程和远海风电场大规模开发利用的需求,功率器件也向着更高电压、更大电流的方向发展。文章对柔性直流输电技术中电力电子器件的发展现状和趋势进行梳理,以国内多个有代表性的柔性直流输电工程为例,系统地阐述了电力电子器件在柔性直流工程中的应用现状,重点介绍了应用于柔性直流的电力电子器件主要技术特点。最后,展望了高压大功率电力电子器件的应用方向与发展趋势。

Voltage sourced converter based high voltage direct current(VSC-HVDC)is the core technology of new type of power systems with new energy as its main part.VSC-HVDC has outstanding advantages such as independent control of active and reactive power,fast and flexible response,strong scalability,and no commutation failure.It is widely used in new energy transmission,grid inter‐connection,island power supply,and long-distance and high-capacity power transmission.Power electronic devices play an important role in AC/DC conversion in VSC-HVDC systems.At present,3.3 kV and 4.5 kV power devices(IGBTs)are generally used in VSCHVDC projects at home and abroad.To meet the needs of long-distance and high-capacity DC transmission of large new energy projects,and the needs of large-scale development and utilization of offshore wind farms,power devices are developing towards higher voltage and larger current to help achieve the carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals.In this paper,the development status and trend of pow‐er electronic devices in VSC-HVDC technology were reviewed,the application status of power electronic devices in VSC-HVDC proj‐ects was systematically described with several representative domestic projects as examples,and the main technical characteristics of power electronic devices for VSC-HVDC were emphasized.Finally,the prospective application directions and development trends of high-voltage and high-power devices were explored.