mRNA疫苗的原理、研究现状和展望

mRNA vaccines:Principle,current status and perspectives

近些年新型冠状病毒肺炎、流感和结核病等传染病给全球带来了相当大的社会和经济负担。疫苗接种是控制其传播,挽救生命和保护人口健康的最有效和最经济的干预措施。近年来,mRNA疫苗由于其研制周期短、易于产业化、生产工艺简单、易对新变体作出反应、能更好诱导免疫反应的特点,引起了广泛的关注和研究。本篇综述概述了mRNA疫苗的分类和运载系统,总结了mRNA通过不同途径和通路发挥作用的机制、不同mRNA疫苗的研究现状,并简要讨论了开发针对不同疾病的mRNA疫苗的当前挑战和未来方向。

In recent years,infectious diseases such as coronavirus disease 2019,influenza,and tuberculosis have imposed considerable social and economic burdens to our society.Vaccination is the most effective and economical intervention to control the spread of epidemics,and thereby to save lives and protecting human health.In recent years,mRNA vaccines have attracted extensive attention due to their capacity for rapid development,easy industrialization,simple production process,responding to new variants,and induction of potent immune response.In this review,we provide an overview of mRNA vaccine classification and delivery systems,summarize the mechanisms by which mRNAs act through different pathways,and review the current research status on mRNA vaccines.A discussion of the challenges and future directions of developing mRNA vaccines against multiple diseases is included in this review.